UC-NRLF 


B    3    flflS    DbE 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 


PRESENTED  BY 

PROF.  CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 
MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


CHECK   LIST 


NORTH    AMERICAN    BIRDS, 


BY 

ELLIOTT  I  COUES 


SALEM 

STS' 

1873. 


KEY    TO 

NORTH   AMERICAN  BIRDS. 

BY    ELLIOTT    COUES,    M.D. 


This  work  (v,n-ists  of  :>(•:!)  linp"rial  Sro  pacjcs,  and  is  illustrated  by  G  Steel  I'lates 
and  238  Woodcuts.    It  is  designed  as  a  Manual  or  Text  Book  of  the" 

BIRDS   OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 

and  is  an  exponent  of  the  latest  views  in  Ornithology. 
The  INTRODUCTORY  part  gives  a  general  account  of  the 

ANATOMY  AND  CLASSIFICATION  OP  BIRDS 

and  full  Explanations  of  all  1 1 r,- Terms  Used  in  ORNITHOLOGY:  a  KEY  to  the 
Genera  and  Subgenera  follows  in  the  form  of  a  continuous  artificial  table,  while  a 

Synopsis  of  Living  and.  Fossil  Birds 

contains  concise  descriptions  of  every  North  American  Species  known  at  this  time, 
with  characters  of  the  higher  groups  and  remarks  relating  to  forms  not  found  in 
North  America. 

Price  $7  it  Copy  in  Full  Clotli  Ifiiiicling . 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE 

NATURALISTS'  AGENCY,  Salein,  Mass. 

(Prospectus  furnished  on  application.} 


WE  GIVE   BELOW  A  FEAV  NOTICES  OF  THE  PRESS  WHICH  WILL  GIVE  A  GENERAL 
IDEA  OF  THE  VALUE  OF  THIS  WORK. 

•'  The  reputation  of  the  author,  who  is  so  well  known  by  his  works  on  sea-birds, 
and  for  the  anatomy  of  the  loon,  cannot  but  be  increased  by  this  production, 
which  illustrates  on  every  page  the  extent  of  his  general  information  and  the 
soundness  of  his  judgment.  The  subject  is  treated  iu  a  manner  rather  different 
from  that  usually  adopted  by  systematic  writers;  *  *  *  there  is  a  freshness 
and  boldness  in  the  manner  in  which  facts  are  handled,  which  will  be  extremely 
acceptable."—  Mature  (London),  May  8,  1873.  p.  22. 

"Mr.  Cones'  'Key  to  North  American  Birds,'  somewhat  curiously  entitled,  is  a 
very  large  and  handsome  volume,  beautifully  printed  and  profusely  illustrated." 
—  Saturday  lievieiv  (London),  Feb.  22,  1S73. 

"A  critical  examination  of  Dr.  Coues' book  reveals,  it  is  true,  here  and  there, 
slight  faults  of  execution,  but  they  in  no  way  detract  essentially  from  its  value  as 
a  reliable  hand-book,  and  one  well  suited  to  meet  the  wants  of  beginners  in  orni- 
thology, while  it  affords  at  the  same  time  a  standard  and  convenient  work  of  ref- 
erence for  advanced  students  and  even  specialists.  *  *  *  The  reader  is  made 
acquainted,  in  a  general  way,  M'ith  the  exotic  as  well  as  North  American  families 
of  the  aviau  class.  In  the  descriptions  of  the  species,  Dr.  Coues  lias  shown  a 

[continued  on  3d  page. 


S^t*a<*A~- 


4  ''S- 

A  <? 


CHECK  LIST 


OF 


NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


BY 

ELLIOTT  COUES. 


SALEM. 


1873. 


PRINTED  AT 

THE     SALEM    PRESS, 
F.  W.  PUTNAM  &  CO., 

Proprietors. 


-     L  t  ?  7 


VtfLVy 


CHECK  LIST  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS. 


NOTE.  —  The  species  are  numbered  consecutively  from  1  to  635. 
Stragglers  have  the  number  in  brackets.  Varieties  bear  the  number 
of  the  species  to  which  they  belong,  with  a,  6,  c,  etc.,  unless  a  variety 
is  our  only  representative  of  the  species,  when  it  is  separately  enu- 
merated. Obscure  or  doubtful  species  are  marked  with  a  note  of 
interrogation  after  the  number.  Each  species  is  followed  by  the 
original  describer's  name ;  when  this  is  not  also  the  authority  for 
the  nomenclature  adopted  the  name  of  such  authority  is  added,  the 
former  being  retained  in  parenthesis.  A  similar  practice  is  observed 
in  the  cases  of  varieties ;  when,  as  in  most  instances,  they  were  origi- 
nally described  as  species  they  are  followed  by  the  authority  for  their 
reduction  to  varieties,  as  well  as  by  the  name  of  the  describer;  the 
latter  in  parenthesis. 

The  List  contains  a  very  few  species  discovered  since  the  "Key" 
was  printed;  otherwise,  it  is  an  exact  reflection  of  that  work,  the 
arrangement  and  nomenclature  being  identical.  The  numbers  of  the 
genera  as  used  in  the  Key  are  given  in  the  head  lines  of  the  List  in 
order  to  facilitate  reference. 

Authors  are  at  variance  in  the  formation  of  the  genitive  of  Latinized 
proper  names ;  in  the  absence  of  any  universally  observed  rule,  euphony 
may  perhaps  be  advantageously  consulted.  In  the  Key,  the  i  was 
doubled  in  all  cases  of  words  ending  in  a  consonant,  the  nominative 
being  considered  to  end  in  -ius ;  this  practice  is  preferably  applicable 
to  monosyllables,  as  Bairdii,  and  polysyllables,  as  Audubonii.  But  it 
is  necessary  to  use  single  i  in  words  ending  in  r,  as  Cooperi,  and  best 
to  do  so  in  most  cases  of  dissyllables,  as  Wilsoni,  Cassini,  Swainsoni. 
The  same  is  the  case  with  all  words  ending  in  a  vowel. 

The  following  are  the  abbreviations  used  for  authors'  names  occur- 
ring most  frequently ;  others  are  for  the  most  part  written  in  full : — 
AIL,  Allen;  Aud.,  Audubon;  Bd.,  Baird;  Bodd.,  Boddaert;  Bp.,  Bona- 
parte; Cva&.,  Cabanis  ;  Cass.,  Cassin;  C!s. ,  Coues ;  Gamb.,  Gambel;  Gm., 
Gmelin;  Gr.,  Gray;  £.,  Linna3us;  Lafr.,  Lafresnaye;  Lath.,  Latham; 
Lawr.,  L'awrence;  Licht.,  Lichtenstein ;  Nutt.,  Nuttall;  JReich.,  Reich- 
enbach;  Ridg.,  Ridgway;  Scl.,  Sclater;  Steph.,  Stephens;  Sw.,  Swain- 
son;  Temm,,  Temminck;  Towns.,  Townsend;  V.,  Vieillot;  Vig., 
Vigors;  Wagl,,  Wagler;  Wils.,  Wilson. 


M345996 


GEN.    1-3    OF   KEY. 

1.  TURDUS  MIGRATORIUS  L. 
Robin. 

la.  TURDUS  MIGRATORIUS  L., 
var.  CONFINIS  (Bd.)  Cs. 
St.  I^ucas  Robin. 

rk  TURDUS  N^IVIUS  GM. 
Varied  Thrush. 

I/  3.  TURDUS  MUSTELINUS  GM. 
Wood  Thrush. 

I/  4.   TURDUS  PALLASI  CAB. 
Hermit  Thrush. 

4a.   TURDUS  PALLASI  CAB., 
var.  AUDUBONH  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Audubon's  Thrush. 

£C    4b.   TURDUS  PALLASI  CAB., 
var.  NANUS  (Aud.)   Cs. 
.Dwarf  Thrush. 

|/5.  TURDUS  SWAINSONI  CAB. 
Olive-backed  Thrush. 

i/5a.   TURDUS  SWAIWSONI  CAB., 
var.  ALICUB  (Bd.)   Cs. 
Alice's  Thrush. 

'  5b.  TURDUS  SWAINSONI  CAB., 
var.  USTULATUS  (Nutt.)  Cs. 
Oreg-on  Thrush. 

1/6.  TURDUS  FUSCESCENS  STEPH. 
^f¥ilson's  Thrush.   Veery. 

I/  7.  OREOSCOPTES  MONTANUS  (TOWNS.)  BD. 
Mountain  Mocking-bird. 

1/8.  MIMUS  POLYGLOTTUS  (L.)  BOIE. 
Mockingbird. 


GEN.    3-6    OF   KEY. 

•*>  MIMUS  CAROLINENSIS  (L.)  GR. 
Catbird. 

s 

10.  HARPORHYNCHUS  RUPUS  (L.)  CAB. 

llroivii  Thrush.    Thrasher. 

y  • 

lOa.  HARPORHYNCHUS  RUPUS  (L.)  CAB., 
.    var.  LONGIROSTRIS  (Lafr.)  Cs. 
Longr-billed  Thrush. 

11.  HARPORHYNCHUS  CURVIROSTRIS  (Sw.)  CAB., 

var.  PALMERI  Kidg. 
Ciirve«1>illed  Tliriiftli. 

llbis.*  HARPORHYNCHUS  BENDIREI  Cs. 
Bendire's 


12.  HARPORHYNCHUS  CINEREUS  BD. 
Cinereous  Tliriisli. 

.  HARPORHYNCHUS  REDIVIVUS  (GAMB.)  CAB. 
Sickle-billed  Thrush. 

13a.  HARPORHYNCHUS  REDIVIVUS  (GAMB.)  CAB., 
var.  LECONTEI  (Lawr.)  Cs. 
Thrush. 


14.  HARPORHYWCHUS  CRISSALIS  HENRY. 
Red-vented  Thrush. 

[15].  SAXICOLA  (ENANTHE  (L.)  BECHSTEIN. 
Stone  Chat.    Wheat-ear. 

16.  SIALIA  SIALIS  (L.)  HALDEMAN. 
Eastern  "Bluebird. 

'17.  SIALIA  MEXICANA  Sw. 
Western  Bluebird. 

18.  SIALIA  ARCTICA  Sw. 
Arctic  Bluebird. 

*  llbis.    Not  in  the  Key.    See  Am.  Nat.,  Vol.  vii,  p.  330,  1873. 


GEN.    7-13    OF   KEY. 

\   1/19.   CINCLUS  MEXICANUS  Sw. 
Water  Ouzel.   Dipper. 

[20].  PHYLLOPNEUSTE  BOREALIS  BLASIUS. 
Kennicott's  Sylvia. 

21.  REGULUS  CALENDULA  (L.)  LIGHT. 

Ruby-crowned  Kinglet. 

22.  REGULUS  SATRAPA  LIGHT. 
Golden-crested  Kinglet. 

1/23.  POLIOPTILA  C^RULEA  (L.)  SCL. 
Blue-grray  Gnatcatcber. 

24.  POLIOPTILA  MELANURA  LAWR. 
Black-beaded  Onatcatcber. 

25.  POLIOPTILA  PLUMBEA  BD. 
Plumbeous  Gnatcatcber. 

^26.  CHAMPA  PASCIATA  GAME. 
Fasciatcd  Tit.    Oround  "Wren. 

27.  LOPHOPHANES  BICOLOR  (L.)  BP. 

Tufted  Titmouse. 

28.  LOPHOPHANES  INORNATUS  (GAMB.)  CASS. 

Plain  Titmouse. 

29.  LOPHOPHANES  ATRICRISTATUS  CASS. 

Black-crested  Titmouse. 

30.  LOPHOPHANES  WOLLWEBERI  BP. 

Bridled  Titmouse. 

^31.  PARUS  ATRICAPILLUS  L. 
Black-capped  Chickadee. 

•^la.  PARUS  ATRICAPILLUS  L., 
var.  SEPTENTRIONALIS  (Harris)  All. 
I^ongr-tailed  Cbickadee. 


GEN.    13-17    OF   KEY.  11 

I 

31b.  PARUS  ATKICAPIIiLUS  L., 
var.  CAROLINBNSIS  (Aud.)  Cs. 
Carolina  Chickadee. 

31c.  PARUS  ATRICAPILLUSL., 
'          var.  OCCIDENTALS  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Western  Chickadee. 

32.  PARUS  MONTANUS  GAMB. 

Mountain  Chickadee. 

33.  PARUS  HUDSONICUS  FORSTER. 

Hudsonian  Chickadee. 

34.  PARUS  RUFESCEWS  TOWNS. 
Chestnut-backed  Chickadee. 

/35.  PSALTRIPARUS MINIMUS  (TOWNS.)  BP. 
Least  Titmouse. 

36.  PSALTRIPARUS  PLUMBEUS  BD. 
Plumbeous  Titmouse. 

«/87.  AURIPARUS  PLAVICEPS  (SUND.)BD. 
Yellon'-headetl  Titmouse. 

1/38.   SITTA  CAROLINENSIS  GM. 
l»Vhite-bellied  Nuthatch. 

38a.   SITTA  CAROLINENSIS  GM., 

var.  ACULEATA  ^Cass.)  All. 
blender-billed  Nuthatch. 

39.  SITTA  CANADENSIS  L. 
Red-bellied  Nuthatch. 

40.  SITTA  PUSILLA  LATH. 
Brown-headed  Nuthatch. 

1/41?  SITTA  PYGMJSA  Via. 
Pyg-my  Nuthatch. 

J/42.  CERTHIA  PAMILIARIS  L. 
Creeper. 


GEN.    18-23    OF   KEY.  13 

*/43.  CAMPYLOBHYNCHUS 

BBUNNEICAPILLUS  (LAFR.)  GR. 
Brown-headed  Creeper-wren. 

•44.   CAMPYLOBHYNCHUS  AFFINIS  XANTUS. 
Allied  Creeper-wren. 

/45.   SALPINCTES  OBSOLETUS  (SAY)  CAB. 
Rock  Wren. 

46.  CATHEBPES  MEXICANUS  (Sw.)  BD. 
White-throated  Wren. 

Stf.  THBYOTHOBUS  LUDOVICIANUS  (GM.)  BP. 
Great  Carolina  Wren. 

47a.  THBYOTHOBUS  LUDOVICIANUS  (GM.)  BP., 
var.  BERLANDIERI  (Couch)  Cs. 
JBerlandier's  Wren. 

48.  THBYOTHOBUS  BEWICKII  (Auo.)  BP. 
Bewick's  Wren. 

48a.   THBYOTHOBUS  BEWICKII  (AuD.)  BP. 
var.  LEUCOGASTER  (Gould)  Bd. 
White-bellied  W  reii. 

48b.   THBYOTHOBUS  BEWICKII  (AuD.)  BP., 

var.  SPILURUS  (Vig.)  Bd. 
Speckled-tailed  Wren. 

/49.  TBOGLODYTES  AEDON  V. 
House  Wren. 

/49a.  TBOGLODYTES  AEDON  V., 

var.  PARKMANNI  (Aud.)  Cs. 
W^estern  House  Wren. 

50.  ANOBTHUBA  TBOGLODYTES  (L.)  Cs., 
var.  HYEMALIS  (Wils.)  Cs. 
Winter  "Wren. 


GEN.    23-34    OF   KEY.  15 

50a.  ANOBTHUBA  TROGLODYTES  (L.)  Cs., 
var.  ALASCENSIS  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Alaskan  Wren. 


.   TELMATODYTES  PALUSTBIS  (WiLS.)  CAB. 
Longr-hilled  Marsh  Wren. 


' 


62.   CISTOTHOBUS  STELLABIS  (LIGHT.)  CAB. 
Short-hilled  Marsh  Wren. 

/53.  EBEMOPHILA  ALPESTBIS  (FORST.)  BOIE. 
Horned  Lark;    Shore  Lark. 

53a.  EBEMOPHILA  ALPESTBIS  (FOKST.)  BOIE, 
var.  CHRYSOL.EMA  (Wagl.)  Bd. 
South-western  Lark. 

54.  BUDYTES  FLAVA  (L.)  Cuv. 
Yellow  Wrag*tail. 

^55.  ANTHUS  LUDOVICIANUS  (GM.)  LIGHT. 
Brown  Lark;  Titlark;  Pipit. 

56.  NEOCOBYS  SPBAGUEI  (AuD.)  SCL. 
Iflissoiiri  Skylark. 

*•  57.  MNIOTILTA  VABIA  (L.)  V. 
Black-and-white  Creeper. 

58.  PABULA  AMEBICANA  (L.)  BP. 
Blue  yellow-haeked  M'arhl<»r. 

I  59.   PBOTONOTABIA  CITB.EA  (BODD.)  BD. 
Prothonotary  'Warlbler. 

60.  HELMITHEBUS  VEBMIVOBUS  (GM.)  BP. 

Worm-eating:  Warbler. 

61.  HELMITHEBUS  SWAINSONI  (AUD.)  BP. 

S^vainson's  ItVarhler. 

i/62.  HELMINTHOPHAGA  PINUS  (L.)  BD. 
Blue-  wing-ed  1'ello^v  l»Varbler. 


GEN.   34-35    OF   KEY.  17 

63.  HELMINTHOPHAGA  CHRYSOPTERA  (L.)  BD. 

Blue  Golden-wingred  Wrarbler. 

64.  HELMINTHOPHAGA  BACHMANI  (AuD.)  CAB. 

mini'*  Warbler. 


65.  HELMINTHOPHAGA  LUCLZE  COOP. 

Lucy's  Warbler. 

66.  HELMINTHOPHAGA  VIRGINIA  BD. 

Virginia's  Warbler. 

67.  HELMINTHOPHAGA  RITFICAPILLA  (WILS.)  BD. 

Nashville  Warbler. 

.  HELMINTHOPHAGA  CELATA  (SAY)  BD. 
Orang-e-crowned  Warbler. 

69.  HELMINTHOPHAGA  PEREGRINA  (WILS.)  CAB. 
Tennessee  Warbler. 

• 

^70.   DENDRCECA  JESTIYA  (GM.)  BD. 
Summer  Warbler. 

*      71.  DENDRCECA  VIRENS  (GM.)  BD. 
mack-throated  Green  Warbler. 

72.  DENDRCECA  OCCIDENTALS  (TOWNS.)  BD. 

Western  Warbler. 

73.  DENDRCECA  TOWNSENDII  (Nurr.)  BD. 

Toivnsend's  Warbler. 

74.  DENDRCECA  CHRYSOPAREIA  SCL.  ET  SALV. 

Oolden-cneeked  Warbler. 

75.  DENDRCECA  NIGRESCENS  (TOWNS.)  BD. 

Wack-throated  Gray  Warbler. 

76.  DENDRCECA  O2GRULESCENS  (L.)  BD. 

mack-throated  Blue  Warbler.  • 

77.  DENDRCECA  CJERULEA  (WILS.)  BD. 

Cserulean  ^Tarbler. 

CHECK  LIST  BIRDS.         2 


GEN.   35-36    OF   KEY.  19 

78.  DENDRCECA  CORONATA  (L.)  GR. 
Yellow^-rumped  Warbler ;  Myrtle  Bird. 

79.  DENDRCECA  AUDUBONII  (TOWNS.)  BD. 

Auduboii's  Warbler. 

so.  "DENDRCECA  BLACKBURNLEI  (GM.)  BD. 

ISlaekburnian  Warbler. 

81.  DENDRCECA  STHIATA  (FoiiST.)  BD. 

Jilaclt-poll  ITarbler. 

82.  DENDKCECA  CASTANEA  (WILS.)  BD. 

If  ay-1>rea$ted  KVarbler. 

^83.   DENDRCE3CA  PENNSYLVANICA  (L.)  BD. 
Chestnut-silled  Warbler. 

*X84.   DENDRCECA  MACULOSA  (GM.)  BD. 
Klack-aiid- Yellow  Warbler. 

85.  DENDRCECA  TIGRINA  (GM.)  BD. 

Cape  JSIay  Wrarbler. 

86.  DENDRCECA  DISCOLOR  (V.)  BD. 

Prairie  Warbler. 

87.  DENDRCECA  GRACIJB  COUES. 

Orace's  'Warbler. 

DENDRCECA  DOMINICA  (L.)  BD. 
Yellow-throated  Warbler. 

89.  DENDRCECAKIRTLANDIBo. 

Kirt land's  Wrarbler. 

90.  DENDRCECAPALMARUM(GM.)  BD. 

Yellow  Red-poll  Warbler. 

91.  DENDRCECA  PINUS  (WILS.)  BD. 

Pine-creeping-  Wrarbler. 

(/  92.   SEIURUS  AUROCAPILLUS  (L.)  Sw. 
Ooldeii-cro wned.  Thrush. 


GEN.  36-41    OF  KEY.  21 

.  :SEIUBUS  NOVEBOBACENSIS  (Gw.)  NUTT. 
Water  Wag-tail;  Water  Thrush. 

94.  SEITJBUS  LTJDOVICIANITS  (V.)  BP. 

liarg-e-billed  Water  Thrush. 

95.  OPOBOBNIS  AGILIS  (WILS.)  BD. 

Connecticut  Warbler. 

^96.  OPOBOBNIS  FOBMOSUS  (WILS.)  BD. 
Kentucky  Warbler. 

*9T.   GEOTHLYPIS  TBICHAS  (L.)  CAB. 
Maryland  TTelloiir-throat. 

^98.   GEOTHLYPIS  PHILADELPHIA  (WILS.)  BD. 
Hourning*  IVartoler. 

99?*   GEOTHLYPIS  MACGILLIVBAYI  (Auo.)  BD. 
Macg-illivray's  Wrarbler. 

^100    ICTEBIA  VIBENS  (L.)  BD. 
Yellow-breasted  Chat. 

X'lOOa.   ICTEBIA  VIBEWS  (L.)  BD., 
var.  LONGICAUDA  (Lawr.)  Cs. 
:Long--tailed  Chat. 

101.  MYIODIOCTES  MITBATUS  (GM.)  AUD. 

Hooded  Flycatchingr  HVarbler. 

102.  MYIODIOCTES  PUSILLUS  (WILS.)  BP. 
Green  Black-capped  Fly  catching-  Warbler. 

t^lOS.  MYIODIOCTES  CANADENSIS  (L.)  AUD. 
Canadian  Flycatching-  Wrarbler. 

*^104.   SETOPHAGA  BUTICILLA  (L.)  Sw. 
Redstart. 

105.   SETOPHAGA  PICTA  Sw. 
Painted  Flycatcher. 

*  This  is  probably  only  a  variety  of  98. 


GEN.    42-50    OF    KEY.  23 

•lOG.   CERTHIOLA  FLAVEOLA  (L.)  SUND. 
Money  Creeper. 

.   PYRANGA  RUBRA  (L.)  V. 
Scarlet  Tanagrer. 

108.   PYRANGA  JESTIVA  (L.)  V. 
Summer  BedMrd. 

108a.   PYRANGA  ESTIVA  (L.)  V., 
var.  COOPERI  (Ridg.)  Cs. 
s  Tanagrer. 


109.  PYBANGA  HEPATICA  Sw. 

Mepatic  Tanagrer. 

110.  PYRANGA  LUDOVICIANA  (WILS.)  BP. 

Louisiana  Tanagrer. 

/III.  HIRUNDO  HORREORyM  BARTON. 
If  am  Swallow. 

2.   TACHYCINETA  BICOLOR  (Y.)  Cs. 
Swallow. 


113,   TACHYCINETA  THALASSIWA  (Sw.)  CAB. 
Violet-g-reen  Sw7allowr. 

.   PETROCHELIDON'LUNIFRONS  (SAY)  CAB. 
Cliff  Swallow;  £ave  S^va13o%v. 

(Xll5.    COTYLE  RIPARIA  (L.)  BOIE. 
Bank  Svvallow;  Sanil  Ulartin. 

116.   STELGIDOPTERYX  SERRIPENNIS  (AuD.)  BD. 
lloiigrli-ivingred  Swallow. 

KlT.  PROGNE  PURPUREA  (L.)  BOIE. 
Purple  Martin. 

118.  AMPELIS  GARRTJLUS  L. 
Itoheinian  Waxwingr. 

^119.   AMPELIS  CEDRORUM  (V.)  BD. 
Cedar  Bird;  Cherry  Bird. 


GEN.   51-53    OF   KEY.  25 

120.  PHJENOPEPLA  NITENS  (Sw.)  SCL. 

mack  Ptilogronys. 

121.  MYIADESTES  TOWNSENDII  (AUD.)  CAB. 

Townsend's  Flycatcningr  Thrush. 

t/122.  VIREO  OLIVACEUS  (L.)  V. 
Red-eyed  Vireo. 

/123.   VIREO  ALTILOQUUS  (V.)  GK., 

var.  BARBATULUS  (Cab.)  Cs. 
lilaclt-  whiskered  Vireo. 

124.  VIREO  PHILADELPHICUS  CASS. 
Brotnerly-love  Tireo. 

5.  VIREO  GILVTJS  (V.)  BP. 
Tireo. 


VIREO  GILVTJS  (V.)  BP. 

var.  SWAINSONI  (Bd.)  Cs. 
W«»*terii  ^fTarbliiigr  Vireo. 


*X126.  VIREO  FLAVIPRONS  V. 
Vell<»v-f  liroatc'tl  Tireo. 

127.  VIREO  SOLITARIUS  (WiLS.)  V. 
Slue-lieaded  Tireo  ;  Solitary  Tireo. 

127a.  VIREO  SOLITARIUS  V., 
var.  PLUMBEUS  (Cs.)  All. 
Plumbeous  Tireo. 

128?  VIREO  VICINIOR  COUES. 
Gray  Vireo. 

1/129.  VIREO  NOVEBORACENSIS  (Gin.)  BP. 
^¥bite-eyed  Tireo. 

130?  VIREO  HTJTTONI  CASS. 
Hutton's  Vireo. 


GEN.    53-58    OF   KEY.  27 

t/131.   VIREO  BELLII  AUD. 
Hell's  Vireo. 

132.   VIREO  PTJSILLUS  GOUES. 
Vireo. 


133.   VIREO  ATRICAPILLUS  WOODII. 
Jllack-headecl  Vireo. 

«//134.       COLLURIO  BOREALIS  (V.)  BD. 

Great  northern  «l»i*iZt«k:  Butclierhircl. 

i/135.   COLLURIO  LUDOVICIANUS  (L.)  BD. 


.   COLLURIO  LUDOVICIANUS  (L.)  Bo., 
var.  EXCUBITOKOIDES  (Sw.)  Cs. 
iilirike. 


136.  HESPERIPHOWA  VESPERTIWA  (Coop.)  BP. 


137.   PINICOLA  ENUCLEATOR  (L.)  V. 
Pine  Grosbeak. 

[138.]?  PYRRHULA  CASSINI  (BD.)  TRISTR. 
Bullfincli. 


139.    CARPODACUS  PURPUREUS  (GM.)  GR. 
Purple  Fiiifli. 

HO.    CARPODACUS  CASSINI  BD. 
Cassin's  Purple  f  incli. 

141.   CARPODACUS  FRONTALIS  (SAY)  GR. 
Crimiioii-frontefl  l^iiic*li;  House  Finch. 


141a.*  CARPODACUS  FRONTALIS  (SAY)  CAB., 
var.  H^EMORRHOUS  (Wagl.)  Ridg. 
Mexican  Purple  f  inch. 

*Not  in  the  Key.    See  Ridgway,  Am.  Jour.  Sci.  Art,  v,  p.  39. 


GEN.    59-62   OF  KEY.  29 


142.  LOXIA  LEUCOPTEBA  (WiLS.). 

White-wing-ed  Crossbill. 

143.  LOXIA  CUBVIBOSTBA  L., 

var.  AMERICANA  (Wils.)  Cs. 
Common  Crossbill. 

143a.  LOXIA  CUBVIBOSTBA  L., 

var.  MEXICANA  (Strickl.)  Cs. 
!Largre-billed  Crossbill. 

144.  LETJCOSTICTE  TEPHBOCOTIS  Sw. 

Gray-crowned  Finch. 

144a.  LEUCOSTICTE  TEPHBOCOTIS  Sw., 
var.  GRISEINUCHA  (Brandt)  Cs. 
Gray-eared  I  a  iu-h . 

145.  LEUCOSTICTE  ABCTOA  (PALL.)  Br. 

Siberian  Finch. 

146.  -S1GIOTHUS  LINABIA  (L.)  CAB. 

Red-poll  linnet. 

'  146a.  JEGIOTHUS  LINABIA  (L.)  CAB. 

var.  FUSCESCENS  Cs. 
Dusky  Red-poll. 

146b.  ^IGIOTHUS  LI3STABIA  (L.)  CAB. 

var.  EXILIPES  Cs. 
American  Mealy  Red-poll. 

[147.]   LINOTA  PLAVIBOSTBIS  (L.)  BP. 
var.  BREWSTERI  (Ridg.)  Cs. 
Rrewster's  X.innet. 

148.  CHBYSOMITBIS  PINUS  (WiLS.)  BP. 

Pine  JLinnet. 

149.  CHBYSOMITBIS  TBISTIS  (L.)  BP. 
American  Goldfinch;  Yello wbird. 


GEN.    62-65    OF   KEY.  31 

150.  CHRYSOMITRIS  LAWRENCEI  (CASS.)  BP. 

Lawrence's  CJoldlincli. 

151.  CHRYSOMITRIS  PSALTRIA  (SAY)  BP. 

Arkansas  Ooldfinch. 

151a.    CHRYSOMITRIS  PSALTRIA  (SAY)  BP., 

var.  Aiiizox^E  Cs. 
Arizona  Goldiiiicli. 

151b.    CHRYSOMITRIS  PSALTRIA  (SAY)  BP., 

var.  MEXICANA  (Sw.)  Cs. 
Mexican  O-olcllineli. 

152.  PLECTROPHANES  ]STIVALIS  (L.)  MEYER. 

Snow  Bunting*. 

153.  PLECTROPHANES  LAPPONICUS  (L.)  SELBY. 

Lapland  Long-spur. 

154.  PLECTROPHANES  PICTUS  Sw. 

Painted  I,arl£  Hunting-. 

155.  PLECTROPHANES  ORNATUS  TOWNS. 
Cfrestmit-colored  Lark  Bunting-. 

15G.   PLECTROPHANES  MACCOWNII  LAWR. 
McCowu's  Lark  Bunting-. 

157?   CENTRONYX  BAIRDII  (AuD.)  BD. 
Baird's  Bunting-. 

157bis.*   CENTRONYX  OCHROCEPHALUS  AIKEN. 
Oclireous-lieaded  Bunting*. 

158.   PASSERCULTJS  PRINCEPS  MAYNARD. 
Maynard's  Sparroiv. 

t      159.  PASSERCTJLUS  SAVANNA  (WILS.)  BP. 
Savanna  Sparrow. 

*  Not  in  the  Key.    See  Aiken,  Am.  Nat.,  vii,  237. 


GEN.    65-69    OF   KEY.  33 

159a.   PASSERCULUS  SAVANNA  (WILS.)  BP., 
var.  ANTHINUS  (Bp.)  Cs. 
Titlark  Sparrow. 

159b.  PASSEBCULUS  SAVANNA  (WILS.)  BP., 

var.  SANDVICENSIS  (Gm.)  Cs. 
Northwestern  Sparrow. 

160.   PASSEBCULUS  BOSTBATUS  (CASS.)  BD. 
Beaked  Sparrow. 

160a.   PASSEBCULUS  BOSTBATUS  (CASS.)  BD., 
var.  GUTTATUS  (LAWR.)  Cs. 
St.  Lucas  Sparrow. 

*  161.  POOECETES  GBAMINEUS  (GM.)  BD. 
Bay-wingred  Bunting-;  Grass  Finch. 

161a.   POOECETES  GBAMINEUS  (GM.)  BD., 

var.  CONFINIS  Bd. 
Western  Grass  Finch. 

'  162.   COTUBNICULUS  PASSEBINUS  (WILS.)  BP. 
Yellow-winced  Sparrow. 

162a.   COTUBNICULUS  PASSEBINUS  (WILS.)  BP., 

var.  PKRPALLIDUS  Ridg. 
Bleached  Yellow-wingred  Sparrow. 

163.  COTUBNICULUS  HENSLOWI  (AUD.)  BP. 

Henslow's  Sparrow. 

164.  COTUBNICULUS  LECONTEI  (AUD.)  BP. 

!LeConte's  Sparrow. 

165.  AMMODBOMUS  MABITIMUS  (WiLS.)  Sw. 

Seaside  Finch. 

166.  AMMODBOMUS  GAUD ACUT CIS  (GM.)  Sw. 

Sharp-tailed  Finch. 

167.  MELOSPIZA  LINCOLNI  (AUD.)  BD. 

Lincoln's  Finch. 

CHECK  LIST  BIRDS.      3 


GEN.    69-70    OF    KEY.  35 


/    168.  MELOSPIZA  PALUSTRIS  (WILS.)  BD. 
**vaiiip  ftparrotv. 

169.  MELOSPIZA  MELODIA  (WILS.)  BD. 

Song-  Sparrow. 

v   169a.  MELOSPIZA  MELODIA  (WILS.)  BD., 

var.  FALL  AX  (Bd.)  Ridg. 
Gray  Song*  Sparrow. 

169b.   MELOSPIZA  MELODIA  (WILS.)  BD., 

var.  GUTTATA  (Nutt.)  Ridg. 
Cinereous  Song-  Sparrow. 

169c.  MELOSPIZA  MELODIA  (WILS.)  BD., 

var.  RUFINA  (Brandt.)  Ridg. 
Rufous  Song*  Sparrow. 

169d.   MELOSPIZA  MELODIA  (WILS.)  BD., 

var.  HEERMANNI  (Bd.)  Ridg. 
Heermann's  Song-  Sparrow. 

169e.   MELOSPIZA  MELODIA  (WILS.)  BD., 

var.  GOULDII  (Bd.)  Ridg. 
Gould's  Song-  Sparrow. 

169f.  MELOSPIZA  MELODIA  (WILS.)  BD., 

var.  INSIGNIS  (Bd.)  Ridg. 
RischoflT's  Song*  Sparrow. 

170.  PEUOZEA  ^ISTIVALIS  (LIGHT.)  CAB. 

Bachman's  Finch. 

170a.  PEUCJEA  JBSTIVALIS  (LIGHT.)  CAB., 
var.  CASSINI  (Woodh.)  All. 
Cassin's  Fincn. 

171.  PEUCJEA  KUFICEPS  (CASS.)  BD. 

II uf oiiM-c*r4»%vn«kcl  Finch. 

171bis.*  PEUC-ZEA  CABPALIS  COUES. 
Rufous- wingred  Sparroiv. 

*Xot  in  the  Key.    See  Am.  Nat.,  vii,  p.  322. 


GEN.    71-74    OF    KEY.  37 


172.  POOSPIZA  BILINEATA  (CASS.)  SCL. 
Black-throated  Finch. 


173.   POOSPIZA  BELLI  (CASS.)  SCL. 
Bell's  Finch. 

;    174.   JUNCO  HYEMALIS  (L.)  SCL. 
Snowbird. 

.  175?  JUNCO  OREGONUS  (TOWNS.)  SCL. 
Oregron  Snowbird. 

176?  JUNCO  CINEREUS  (Sw.)  CAB., 
var.  CANICEPS  (Woodh.)  Cs. 
Cinereous  Snowbird. 

177.  SPIZELLA  MONTI  COL  A  (GM.)  BD. 

Tree  Sparrow* 

178.  SPIZELLA  SOCIALIS  (WiLS.)  BP. 

Chipping*  Sparrow. 

178a.   SPIZELLA  SOCIALIS  (WiLS.)  BP., 

var.  ARIZONA  Cs, 
Arizona  Chipping-  Sparrow. 

179.  SPIZELLA  PUSILLA  (WiLS.)  BP. 

Field  Sparrow. 

180.  SPIZELLA  PALLIDA  (Sw.)  BP. 

Clay-colored  Sparrow. 

180a.   SPIZELLA  PALLIDA  (Sw.)  BP., 

var.  BREWERI  (Cass.)  Cs. 
•   Brewer's  Sparrow. 

181.  .SPIZELLA  ATRIGULAR1S  (CAB.)  BD. 

Black-chinned  Sparrow. 

182.  ZO3STOTRICHIA  ALBICOLLIS  (GM.)  BP. 

White-throated  Sparrow. 


GEN.    74-80    OF    KEY.  39 

183.  ZONOTRICHIA  LEUCOPHRYS  (FORST.)  Sw. 

White -crowned  Sparrow. 

183a.  ZONOTRICHIA  LEUCOPHRYS  (FORST.)  Sw., 
var.  GAMBELI  (Nutt.)  All. 
Gambel's  Sparrow. 

184.  ZONOTRICHIA  CORONATA  (PALL.)  BD. 

Golden-crowned  Sparrotv. 

185.  ZONOTRICHIA  QUERULA  (NUTT.)  GAME. 

Harris's  Sparrow. 

186.  CHONDESTES  GRAMMACA  (SAY)  BP. 

l.a rli  Finch. 

[187.]   PASSER  DOMESTICUS  LTNN. 
f  nglish  Sparrow. 

188.  PASSERELLA  ILIACA  (MEHKEM.)  Sw. 

fox  Sparrow. 

189.  PASSERELLA  TOWNSENDII  (AUD.)  NUTT. 

Towrnsend's  Fox  Sparrow. 

189a.   PASSERELLA  TOWNSENDII  (AuD.)  NUTT., 

var.  SCHISTACEA  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Slate-colored  Fox  Sparrow . 

190.  CALAMOSPIZA  BICOLOR  (Towxs.)  BP. 
l.arli  Hunting-;  White-wing-ed  Itlackbird. 

191.  EUSPIZA  AMERICANA  (GM.)  BP. 

Black-tliroated  Bunting*. 

192?  EUSPIZA  TOWNSENDII  (AUD.)  BP. 
Townseiid's  Hunting*. 

^    193.   GONIAPHEALUDOVICIANA(L.)  BOWDICH. 
Rose-breasted  Grosbeak. 

/    194.  GONIAPHEA  MELANOCEPHALA  (Sw.)  -. 
Black-headed  Grosbeak. 


GEN.   80-85    OF   KEY.  41 

195.  GONIAPHEA  CJ3BULEA  (L.). 

nine  Grosbeak. 

• 

196.  CYANOSPIZA  CIRIS  (L.)  BD. 
Painted  Finch;  Nonpareil. 

197.  CYANOSPIZA  VEBSICOLOB  (Bp.)  BD. 

Western  Nonpareil. 

198.  CYANOSPIZA  AMCENA  (SAY)  BD. 

l,a/:iiEi  Finch. 

199.  CYANOSPIZA  CYANEA  (L.)  BD. 

Indigro  JBird. 

[200.]   SPEBMOPHILA  MORELETII  PUCHERAN. 
Morelet's  W iiicn. 

[201.]  PHONIPARA  BICOLOR  (L.)  BP. 
Black-faced  Fincn. 

202.  PYBRHULOXIA  SINUATA  BP. 

Texas  Cardinal. 

203.  CABDINALIS  VIBGINIANUS  (BRISSON)  BP. 

Cardinal  Redbird. 

203a.   CABDINALIS  VIBGINIANUS  (BRISSON)  BP., 
var.  IGNEUS  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Viery  ItedMrd. 

204.  PIPILO  EBYTHBOPHTHALMUS  (L.)  V. 

Townee  Bunting-;  Cltewink. 

204a.   PIPILO  EBYTHBOPHTHALMUS  (L.)  V., 

var.  ALLENI  Cs. 
White-eyed  Townee. 

205.  PIPILO  MACULATUS  Sw., 

var.  OREGONUS  (Bell)  Cs. 
Oregron  Townee. 


GEN.    85-89    OF    KEY.  43 


205a.   PIPILO  MACULATUS  Sw., 
var.  ARCTICUS  (Sw.)  Cs. 
Arctic  Towliee. 

205b.   PIPILO  MACULATUS  Sw., 
var.  MEGALONYX  (Bd,)  Cs. 
Spurred  Townee. 

206.  PIPILO  PUSCUS  Sw. 
Brown  Towrhee;  Canon  Finch. 

206a.   PIPILO  PUSCUS  Sw., 

var.  ALBIGULA  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Wbite-throate4  Towliee. 

206b.   PIPILO  PUSCUS  Sw., 
var.  CRISSALIS  (Yig.)  Cs. 
Crissal  Townee. 

207.  PIPILO  ABERTIBD. 

Towliee. 


208.  PIPILO  CHLORURUS  (TOWNS.)  BD. 

Crreen-tailed  Townee. 

209.  EMBERNAGRA  RUPIVIRGATA  LAWR, 

Green  Finch. 

210.  DOLICHONYX  ORYZIVORUS  (L.)  Sw, 

Bobolink;  Reedbird;  Ricebird. 

211.*  MOLOTHRUS  PECORIS  (GM.)  Sw. 
Cowbird. 

211a.  MOLOTHRUS  PECORIS  (GM.)  Sw., 
var.  OBSCURUS  (Gm.)  Cs. 
Dwarf  Cowbird. 

212.  AGELJBUS  PHCENICEUS  (L.)  V. 
Ited-wing-ed  »lackbird. 

*  This  should  stand  as  Molothrus  ater  (Gm.)  Gr. 


GEN.    89-93    OF   KEY.  45 

212a.   AGEL^IUS  PHCENICEUS  (L.)  V., 

var.  GUBKRNATOR  (Wagl.)  Cs. 
Red-shouldered  Blackbird. 

212b.   AGELJEUS  PHCENICEUS  (L.)  V., 

var.  TRICOLOR  (Nutt.)  Cs. 
Red-and-white-shouldered  Blackbird. 

213.  XANTHOCEPHALUS  ICTEROCEPHALUS  (Bp.)  BD. 

Yellow-beaded  Blackbird. 

214.  STUBNELLA  MAGWA  (L.)  Sw. 

Fieldlark;  TIcadowlark. 

214a.   STTJRNELLAMAG3SrA(L.)  Sw., 
var.  NEGLECTA  (Aud.)  All. 
Western  FieldlarK. 

215.  ICTERUS  SPUKIUS  (L.)  BP. 

Orchard  Oriole. 

215a.  ICTEBUS  SPUBIUS  (L.)  BP., 

var.  AFFINIS  (Lawr.)  Cs. 
Texan  Orchard  Oriole. 

216.  ICTERUS  BALTIMORE  (L.)  DANDIN. 

Baltimore  Oriole. 

217.  ICTERUS  BULLOCKII  (Sw.)  BP. 

Bullock's  Oriole. 

218.  ICTERUS  CUCULLATUS  Sw. 

Hooded  Oriole. 

219.  ICTERUS  PARISORUM  BP. 

Scott's  Oriole. 

220.  ICTERUS  MELANOCEPHALUS  (WAGL.)  GR., 

var.  AUDUBONU  (Girand.)  Cs. 
Auduhon's  Oriole. 

221.  SCOLECOPHAGUS  PERRUGINEUS  (GM.)  Sw. 

Rusty  Orackle. 


GEN.    93-97    OF   KEY.  47 

222.  SCOLECOPHAGUS  CYANOCEPHALUS  (WAGL.)  CAB. 

Blue-beaded  Grackle. 

223.  QUISCALUS  MACROURUS  Sw. 

Great-tailed  Grackle. 

224.  QUISCALUS  MAJOR  VIEIL. 

'  Boat-tailed  Grackle;  Jackdaw. 

225.  QUISCALUS  PURPUREUS  (BARTR.)  LIGHT. 
Purple  Orackle;  Crow  Blackbird. 

225a.   QUISCALUS  PURPUREUS  (BARTR.)  LIGHT., 

var.  AGL^EUS  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Florida  Grackle. 

226.  CORVUS  CORAX  LINN. 

Haven. 

227.  CORVUS  CRYPTOLEUCUS  COUCH. 

White-necked  Raven. 

i   228.   CORVUS  AMERICANUS  AUD. 
Common  Crow. 

228a.   CORVUS  AMERICANUS  AXJD., 
var.  FLORIDANUS  Bd. 
Florida  Crow. 

228b.  CORVUS  AMERICANUS  AUD., 

var.  CAURINUS  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Northwestern  Fish  Crow. 

229.  CORVUS  OSSIFRAGUS  WILS. 

Fish  Crow. 

230.  PICICORVUS  COLUMBIANUS  (WiLS.)  BP. 

Clarke's  C1row. 

231.  GYMNOKITTA  CYANOCEPHALA  MAXIM. 

Blue  €  'row. 


GEN.    98-101    OF   KEY.  49 


232.  PSILORHINUS  MORIO  (WAGL.)  GR. 
Jay. 


233.  PICAMELANOLEUCAV., 

var.  HUDSONICA  (Sab.)  All. 
American  Hag-pie. 

233a.  PICA  MELANOLEUCA  V., 

var.  NUTTALLI  (Aud.)  Cs. 
Yellow-billed  Mag-pie. 

234.  CYANURUS  CRISTATUS  (L.)  Sw. 

Blue  Jay. 

235.  CYANURUS  STELLERI  (GM.)  Sw. 

^teller's  Jay. 

235a.   CYANURUS  STELLERI  (GM.)  Sw., 
var.  MACROLOPHA  (Bd.)  All. 
I^ong'-crested  Jay. 

235b.*   CYANURUS  STELLERI  (GM.)  Sw., 

var.  FRONTALIS  Kidg. 
Vine-fronted  Jay. 

236.  APHELOCOMA  FLORIDANA  (BARTRAM)  CAB. 

Florida  Jay. 

236a.  APHELOCOMA  FLORIDANA  (BARTR.)  CAB., 
var.  WOODHOUSEI  (Bd.)  All. 
l^oodnoiise's  Jay. 

236b.  APHELOCOMA  FLORIDANA  (BARTR.)  CAB., 
far.  CALIFORNICA  (Vig.)  Cs. 
Californian  Jay. 

237.  APHELOCOMA  SORDIDA  (Sw.)  CAB. 

Sfetoer's  Jay. 

*Not  in  the  Key.    See  Ridgway,  Am.  Journ.,  v,  p.  43. 

CHECK  LIST  BIRDS.         4 


GEN.    102-107    OF   KEY.  51 

238.  XANTHOURA  YNCAS  (BODD.)  BP., 

var.  LUXUOSA  (Less.)  Cs. 
It  io  Grande  Jay. 

239.  PERISOREUS  CANADENSIS  (L.)  BP. 

Canada  Jay. 

[240.]   MILVULUS  TYRANNUS  (L.)  BP. 
fork-tailed  Fly  catcher. 

241.  MILVULUS  FORFICATUS  (GM.)  Sw. 

Swallow-tailed  Flycatcher. 

242.  TYRANNUS  CAROLINENSIS  (L.)  BD. 

King-bird  ;  .Bee-martin. 

243.  TYRATOTUS  DOMINICENSIS  (GM.)  RICH. 

Or  ay  King-bird. 

244    TYRANNUS  VERTICALIS  SAY. 
Arkansas  f  lycatclier. 

245.   TYRANNUS  VOCIPERANS  Sw. 
Cassin's  Flycatcher. 

[246.]   TYRANNUS  MELANCHOLICUS  V., 

var.  COUCHII  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Couch's  Flycatcher. 

247.  MYIARCHUS  CRINITUS  (L.)  CAB. 

Great-crested  Flycatcher. 

248.  MYIARCHUS  CINERASCENS  LAWR. 

Ash-throated  Flycatcher. 

[249.]   MYIARCHUS  LAWRENCEI  (GIRAUD.)  BD. 

Flycatcher. 


.   SAYORNIS  SAYUS  (Bp.)  BD. 
Way's  Flycatcher. 

/251.   SAYORNIS  NIGRICANS  (Sw.)  BP. 
Black  Flycatcher. 


GEN.    107-110    OF   KEY.  53 

252.  SAYORNISFUSCUS(GM.)BD. 

Pewee;  Pewit;  Phoebe. 

253.  CONTOPUS  BOREALIS  (Sw.)  BD. 

Olive-sided  F lycatcher. 

254.  CONTOPUS  PERTINAX  CAB. 

Cones'  Flycatcher. 

255.  CONTOPUS  VIRENS  (L.)  CAB.  • 

Wood  Pewee. 

i  255a.    CONTOPUS  VIRENS  (L.)  CAB., 

var.  RICHARDSONII  (Sw.)  Cs., 
Western  Wood  Pewee. 

256.  EMPIDONAX  ACADICUS  (GM.)  BD. 

Acadian  Flycatcher. 

257.  EMPIDONAX  TRAILLII  (AUD.)  BD. 

Traill's  Flycatcher. 

257a.  EMPIDONAX  TRAILLII  (Auo.)  BD., 

var.  PUSILLUS  (Bd.)  Cs. 
Little  Wrestem  Flycatcher. 

258.  EMPIDONAX  MINIMUS  BD. 

Least  Flycatcher. 

259.  EMPIDONAX  PLAVIVENTRIS  BD. 

Yellow-bellied  Flycatcher. 

260.  EMPIDONAX  HAMMONDII  BD. 

Hammond's  Flycatcher. 

261.  EMPIDONAX  OBSCURUS  (Sw.)  BD. 

Wrig-ht's  Flycatcher. 

262.  MITREPHORUS  PULVIPRONS  (GIRAUD.)  SCL., 

var.  PALLESCENS  Cs. 
Suff-hreasted  Flycatcher. 


GEN.    Ill,    114-120    OF   KEY.  55 

263.  PYKOCEPHALUS  RUBINETJS  (BODD.)  GR., 

var.  MEXICANUS  (Scl.)  Cs. 
Vermilion  Flycatcher. 

264.  ANTROSTOMUS  CAROLINENSIS  (GM.)  GOULD. 

Chuck-  will's-  widow. 

265.  ANTROSTOMUS  VOCIFERUS  (WiLS.)  BP. 

Whippoorwill;  Nig-ht-Jar. 

266.  ANTROSTOMITS  NUTTALLII  (AUD.)  CASS. 

Whippoorwill. 


267.    CHORDEILES  VIRGIWIAWUS  cBRiss.)  BP. 


267a.   CHORDEILES  VIRGINIANUS  (Brass.)  BP., 

var.  HENRYI  (Cass.)  All. 
Western 


268.   CHORDEILES  TEXENSIS  LAWR. 
Texas 


269.  PANYPTILA  SAXATILIS  (WOODH.)  Cs. 

WliHe-tliroated  §wift. 

270.  NEPHCECETES  NIGER  (GM.)  BD., 

var.  BOREALIS  (Kennerly)  Cs. 
Black  Swift. 

271.  CH-EITURAPELASGIA  (L.)  STEPH. 

Chimney  Swift. 

272  ?   CH^ETURA  VAUXII  (TOWNS.)  DEKAY. 

Swift. 


273.  HELIOP^IDICA  XANTUSII  LAWR. 
Xantus  Hummingrlbird. 

[274.]   LAMPORNIS  MANGO  (L.)  Sw., 

(var.  PORPHYRULA?) 
Black-throated  Humming-bird. 


GEN.  121-125,  112,  113,  126,  127  OF  KEY.       57 

275.  TBOCHILUS  COLUBBIS  L. 
Ituby-throated  Humming-bird. 

276.  TBOCHILUS  ALEXANDBI  BOURC. 
Black-chinned  Humming-bird. 

277.  SELASPHOBUS  BUFUS  (GM.)  Sw. 
Ituf ous-backed  Humming-bird. 

278.  SELASPHOBUS  PLATYCEBCUS  (Sw.)  GLD. 

Broad-tailed  Humming-bird. 

279.  SELASPHOBUS  ANNA  (LESS.)—. 

Anna  Humming-bird. 

280.  SELASPHOBUS   COST.5J  (Bounc.)  BP. 

Costa  Humming-bird. 

281.  SELASPHOBUS  HELOIS^I  ( )  . 

Heloise  Humming-bird. 

282.  STELLULA  CALLIOPE  ( )  GLD. 

Calliope  Humming-bird. 

[283].   AGYBTBIA  LINNJSI  (Bp.)  -— . 
I^inne  H!umming*bird. 

[284].   TBOGON  MEXICANUS   Sw. 
Mexican  Trog-on. 

[285],  MOMOTUS  CJEBULEICEPS  GOULD. 
Blue-beaded  Sawbill. 

U286.   CEBYLE  ALCYON  (L.)  BOIE. 
Belted  KLing-flslier. 

287.  CEBYLE  AMEBICANA  (GM.)  BOIE, 

var.  CABANISI  (Reich.)  Cs. 
Cabanis'  King-flslter. 

288.  CBOTOPHAGA  ANI  L. 

Ani. 

289.  GEOCOCCYX  CALIFOBNIANUS  (LESS.)  BD. 

Ground  Cuckoo ;  Chaparral  Cock. 


GEN.    128-131    OF   KEY.  59 

290.   COCCYZUS  ERYTHROPHTHALMUS  (WILS.)  BD. 
If  lack-billed  Cuckoo. 

'291.   COCCYZUS  AMERICANUS  (L.)  BP. 
Yellow-billed  Cuckoo. 

292.  COCCYZUS  SENICULUS  (LATH.)  -  . 

Mangrove  Cuckoo. 

293.  CAMPEPHILUS  PRINCIPALIS  (L.)  GR. 

Ivory  -billed  Woodpecker. 

294.  HYLOTOMUS  PILEATUS  (L.).  BD. 
Pileated  Woodpecker  ; 


295.  PICUS  ALBOLARVATUS  (CASS.)  BD. 

White-headed  Woodpecker. 

296.  PICUS  BOREALIS  V. 
TOed-cockaded  Woodpecker. 

297.  PICUS   SCALARIS  WAGLER. 

Texas  Woodpecker. 

297a.   PICUS  SCALARIS  WAGL., 

var.  NUTTALLI  (Gamb.)  Cs. 
IVuttall's  Woodpecker. 

297b.  PICUS  SCALARIS  WAGL., 

var.  LUCASANUS  (Xant.)  Cs. 
St.  !Luca§ 


298.  PICUS  VILLOSUS  L. 
Hairy  ^f^oodpecker. 

298a.   PICUS  VILLOSUS  L., 

var.  HARRISI  (Aud.)  All. 
Harris'  Woodpecker. 

299.  PICUS  PUBESCENS  L. 
Downy  Woodpecker. 


GEN.    131-134    OF   KEY.  61 

299a.   PIOUS  PUBESCEWS  L., 

var.  GAIRDNEKII  (Aud.)  Cs. 
Gairdner's  Woodpecker. 

300.  PICOIDES  ABCTICUS  (Sw.)  GR. 
Black-backed  Woodpecker. 

301.  PICOIDES  AMEBICAiNTUS  BREHM. 
Banded-backed  Wroodpecker. 

301a.  PICOIDES  AMEBICANUS  BREHM., 

var.  DORSALIS  (Bd.)  All. 
Striped-backed  Woodpecker. 

302.  SPHYBAPICUS  VARIUS  (L.]  BD. 
Yellow-bellied  Woodpecker. 

302a.   SPHYBAPICUS  VARIUS  (L.)  BD., 

var.  NUCHALIS  (Bd.)  All. 
Nuchal  Woodpecker. 

303?*  SPHYBAPICUS  BUBEB  (On.)  BD. 
Red-breasted  Woodpecker. 

304.  SPHYBAPICUS  THYBOIDEUS  (CASS.)  BD. 

Bro¥vn«neaded  Wroodpecker. 

305.  SPHYBAPICUS  WILLIAMSONI  (NEWB.)  BD. 

Williamson'*  Woodpecker. 

• 

306.  CENTUBUS  CAROLINUS  (L.)  BP. 

Red-bellied  W"oodpecker. 

307.  CENTUBUS  AUBIPBONS  (WAGL.). 

ITelloiv-faced  Woodpecker. 

308.  CENTUBUS  UBOPYGIALIS  BD. 

Oila  Woodpecker. 

*  Apparently  a  yar.  of  302. 


GEN.    135-140    OF   KEY.  63 

309.  MELANERPES  ERYTHROCEPHALUS  (L.)  Sw. 

Red-beaded  Woodpecker. 

310.  MELANERPES  FORMIC  I  VORUS  (Sw.)  BP. 

Californian  Woodpecker. 

310a.  MELANERPES  PORMICIVORUS  (Sw.)  BP., 

Var.   ANGUSTIFKONS   BD. 

Harrow-fronted  Woodpecker. 

311.  ASYNDESMUS  TORQUATUS  (WILS.)  Cs. 

I^ewis'  Woodpecker. 

312.  COLAPTES  AURATUS  (L.)  Sw. 
CrOldeii-wingred  Wroodpecker;  Flicker. 

313.  COLAPTES   CHRYSOIDES  MALH. 

Gilded  Wroodpecker. 

314.  COLAPTES  MEXICANUS   Sw. 
Red-§nafted  Woodpecker. 

315.  CONURUS  CAROLINENSIS  (L.)  KUHL. 

Carolina  ParroQiiet. 

316.  STRIX  FLAMMEA  L., 
var.  AMERICANA  (Aud.)  Cs. 

Jtarii   Owl. 

317.  BUBO  VIRGINIANUS  (GM.)  BP. 

Horned  Owl. 


317a.  BUBO  VIRGINIANUS  (GM.)  BP., 

var.  ARCTICUS  (Sw.)  Cass. 
Arctic  Horned  Owl. 

817b.  BUBO  VIRGINIANUS  (GM.)  BP., 

var.  PACIFICUS  Cass. 
Pacific  Horned  Owl. 


GEN.    141-147    OF   KEY.  65 


318.   SCOPS  ASIO  (L.)  BP. 
Screech  Owl  ;  Mottled  Owl. 

318a.   SCOPS  ASIO  (L.)  BP., 
var.  KENNICOTTII  (Ell.)  Cs. 
Kennicott's  Owl. 

318b.  SCOPS  ASIO  (L.)  BP., 
var.  MACCALLII  (Cass.)  Cs. 
McCall's  Owl. 

311).  SCOPS  FLAMMEOLA  SCL. 
V  lanimwlated  Owl. 

320.  OTUSVULGARIS  (L.), 
var.  wiLSONiANUS  (Less.)  All. 

I^oiigr-eared  Owl. 

321.  BRACHYOTUS  PALUSTRIS  AUCT. 

Sliort-eared  Owl. 

322.  SYRNIUM  LAPPONICUM  (L.), 

var.   CINERBUM  (Gm.)  Ridg. 
Oreat  Oray  Owl. 

323.  SYBNIUM  NEBULOSUM  (FORST.)  Gu. 

ISarred  Owl. 

324.  SYRNIUM  OCCIDEWTALE  XANT. 

l^Testern  Barred  Owl. 

325.  NYCTEA  WIVE  A  (DAUD.)  GR. 

Owl. 


326.  SUBNIAULULA(L.)Bp., 

var.  HUDSONICA  (Gm.)  Ridg. 
Hawk  Owl  ;  l>ay  Owl. 

327.  NYCTALE  TENGMALMI  (GM.), 

var.  RICHARDSONII  (Bp.)  Ridg. 
Teiigrmalm's  Oivl. 

CHECK  LIST  BIRDS.         5 


GEN.    147-157    OF   KEY.  67 


328.  NYCTALE  ACADICA  (GM.)  BP. 
Acadian  Owl  ;  Saw-whet  Owl. 

329.  G-LAUCIDIUM  PASSERINUM, 

var.   CALIFOKNICUM  (Scl.)  Ridg. 
Pyg-my  Owl. 

330.  GLAUCIDIUM  FERRUGINEUM. 

ferrug-ineous  Owl. 

331.  MICRATHENE  WHITNEYI  (Coop.)  Cs. 

Whitney's  Owl. 

332.  SPEOTYTO  C  UNI  CTJL  ARIA  (MOL.), 

var.  HYPOGJEA.  (Bp.)  Cs. 
fiiirrowing-  Owl. 


333.  CIRCUS  CYANEUS  (L.) 

var.  HUDSONIUS  (L.)  Cs. 
Harsh  Hawk;   Harrier. 

334.  ROSTRHAMUS  SOCIABILIS  (V.) 

Everg-lade  l£ite. 

335.  ICTINIA  MISSISSIPPIENSIS  (WILS.)  GR. 

Kite. 


336.  ELANUS  LEUCURUS  (V.)  BP. 
White-tailed  Kite  ;  Black-shouldered  Kite 

337.  NAUCLERUS  FURCATUS  (L.)  VIG. 

§wallow-tailed   Kite. 


.  ACCIPITER  PUSCUS  (GM.)  BP. 
M  liarp-sliiiified  Hawk  ;  Pig-eon  Hawk. 

339.  ACCIPITER  COOPERI  BP. 
Cooper's  Hawk;  Chicken  Hawk. 

340.  ASTUR  ATRICAPILLUS  (WILS.)  BP. 

Goshawk. 


GEN.    158-159    OF   KEY.  69 


341.  FALCO  SACER  FORST. 
Gerfalcon  ;  Jerfalcoii. 

341a..  FALCO  SACER  FORST., 
var.  CANDICANS  (Gm.)  Ridg. 
Greenland  Gyrt  alcon. 

342.  FALCO  MEXICANUS  LIGHT. 

Falcon. 


343.  FALCO  COMMUNIS  VARIORUM. 
Peregrine  Falcon  ;  Duck  Hawk 

344.  FALCO  COLUMBARIUS  L. 

Pigreon  Hawk. 

345.  FALCO  RICHARDSONI!  RIDG. 

Ricltardson's  Falcon. 

34G.  FALCO  SPAKVERIUS  L. 
Hawk. 


34Ga.  FALCO  SPARVERIUS  L., 
var.  ISABELLINUS  (Sw.)  Ridg. 
Isabella  Sparrow  Hawk. 

347.  FALCO  FEMORALIS  TEMM.      ' 

Femoral  Falcon. 

348.  BUTEO  UNICINCTUS  (TEMM.)  Gu., 

var.  HARRISI  (Aud.)  Ridg. 
Harris'  Buzzard. 

340?  BUTEO  COOPERI  CASS. 
Cooper's  Buzzard. 

350?  BUTEO  HARLANI  (AuD.)  BP. 
Bl  arlaii's  Buzzard. 

351.    BUTEO  BOREALIS  (GM.)  V. 
Red-tailed  Buzzard  ;  Hen  Hawk. 


GEN.    159-161    OF    KEY.  71 


351a.   BUTEO  BOREALIS  (GM.)  V., 
var.  CALURUS  (Cass.)  Ridg. 

Red-tailed  Buzzard. 


351b.   BUTEO  BOREALIS  (GM.)  V., 

var.   LUCASANUS  Ridg. 
§t.  Lucas  Buzzard. 

351c.*  BUTEO  BOBEALIS  (GM.)  V., 

var.  KRIDERI. 
Krider's  Buzzard. 

352.  BUTEO  LINEATUS  (GM.)  JARD. 
Ited-shouldered  Buzzard. 

352a.   BUTEO  LINEATUS  (GM.)  JARD., 

var.  ELEGANS  (Cass  )  Ridg. 
We*  tens  Bed-slioiildered  Buzzard. 

353.  BUTEO  ZONOCERCUS  SCL. 

Band-tailed  Hawk. 

354.  BUTEO  SWAINSONI  BP. 

Buzzard. 


355.   BUTEO  PENNSYLVANICUS  (WILS.)  BP. 
Broad-wingred  Buzzard. 

350.  ARCHIBUTEO  LAGOPUS  (BRUNN.)  GR., 
var.  SANCTI-JOHANNIS  (Grn.)  Ridg. 
lioiigrli-iegrgred  Buzzard. 

357.  ARCHIBUTEO  FERRUGINEUS  (LICHT.)  GR. 

Ferrug-ineous  Buzzard. 

358.  ASTURINA  PLAGIATA  SCHLEGEL. 

Or  ay  Hawk. 

359.f  ONYCHOTES  GRUBERI  RIDG. 
Buzzard. 


*  Sole.    Not  in  Key  ;  not  published  at  date  of  going  to  press. 
t  359.    Questionably  North  American. 


GEN.    162-171    OF    KEY.  73 


3GO.   PANDION  HALIAETUS  (L.)  SAVIGNY. 
Hawk;  Osprey. 


3G1.   AQITILA  CHRYSAETUS  (L.). 
Golden  !Eagrle. 

3G2.  HALIAETUS  LEUCOCEPHALUS  (L.)  SAVIGNY. 
White-headed  JBagrle  ;  Bald  £agrle. 

3G3.   POLYBORUS  THARUS  (MOLL.)  CASS., 
var.  AUDUBONII  (Cass.)  Kidg. 
Auduhon's  Caracara. 

3G4.   CATHARTES  CALIPORNIAWUS  (SHAW)  Cuv. 
Californian  Vulture. 

. 
3G5.   CATHARTES  AURA  (L.)  ILLIGBR. 

Turkey  Buzzard. 

3G6.    CATHARTES  ATRATUS  (BARTR.)  LESS. 
Black  Vulture  ;  Carrion  Crow. 

3G7.  COLUMBA  PASCIATA  SAY. 
Band-tailed  Pigreon. 

3G8.    COLUMBA  PLAVIROSTRIS  WAGI.ER. 
Bed-liilled  Pigreon. 

369.  COLUMBA  LEUCOCEPHALA  L. 

White-crowned  Pigreon. 

370.  ECTOPISTES  MIGRATORIUS  (L.)  Sw. 

Wild  Pig-eon. 

371.  ZEN^IDURA  CAROLINEWSIS  (L.)  BP. 

Carolina  Dove. 

372.  ZENJEDA  AMABILIS  BP. 

Zenaida  Bore. 

373.  MELOPELEIA  LEUCOPTERA  (L.)  BP. 

White-wingred  Bove. 


GEN.    172-178    OF    KEY.  75 

374.  CHAM-S1PELEIA  PASSEBINA  (L.)  Sw. 

Ground  Dove. 

374a.   CHAM-SIPELEIA  PASSEBINA  (L.)  Sw., 

var.  PALLESCENS  (Bd.)  Cs. 
St.  Lucas  Ground  Dove. 

375.  SCABDAFELLA  SQUAMOSA  (TEMM.)  BP., 

var.  INCA  (Less.)  Cs. 
Scaled  Dove. 

37G.   GEOTBYGON  MABTINICA  (GM.)  REICH. 
Key  West  Dove. 

377.  STABNCENAS   CYANOCEPHALA  (L.)  BP. 

Blue-headed  Ground  Dove. 

378.  OBTALIDA  VETULA  (WAGL.). 

Texan  Guan. 

379.  MELEAGBIS  GALLOPAVO  L. 

Turltey. 

379a.  MELEAGBIS  GALLOPAVO  L., 

var.  AMERICANA  (Bartr.)  Cs. 
Common  l^ild  Turkey. 

380.  TETBAO  CANADENSIS  L. 
Canada  Grouse ;  Spruce  Partridge. 

380a.   TETBAO  CANADENSIS  L., 
var.  PRANKLINI  (Douglas)  Cs. 
Franklin's  Grouse. 

381.  TETBAO  OBSCTJBUS  SAY. 

Dusky  Grouse. 

381a.  TETBAO  OBSCUBUS  SAY, 
var.  RICHARDSONII  (Dougl.)  Cs. 
Richardson's  Grouse. 


GEN.    179-184    OF    KEY.  77 

382.    CENTBOCERCUS  UROPHASIANUS  (Br.)  Sw. 
Cock;  Cock-of-the-Plains. 


383.  PEDICECETES  PHASIANELLUS  (L.)  ELL. 
Northern  Sharp-tailed  Grouse. 

383a.   PEDIXECETES  PHASIANELLUS  (L.)  ELL., 

var.  COLUMBIANUS  (Ord.)  Cs. 
Common  Sharp-tailed  Grouse. 

f  384.   CTTPIDONIA  CUPIDO  (L.)  BD. 
Pinnated  Grouse;  Prairie  Hen. 

*  385.   BONASA  UMBELLUS  (L.)  STEPH. 
RulfedOroiiiie;  Partridgre  ;  Pheasant. 

385a.  BONASA  UMBELLUS  (L.)  STEPH., 
var.  UMBELLOIDES  (Dougl.)  Bd. 
Oray  Rutted  Crrouse. 

385b.   BONASA  UMBELLUS  (L.)  STEPH., 

var.  SABINEI  (Dougl.)  Cs. 
Oregron  Rutted  Grouse. 

386.  LAGOPUS  ALBUS  (GM.)  AUD. 
Ptarmig-an. 


387.  LAGOPUS  BUPESTRIS  (GM.)  LEACH. 

Rock  Ptarmigran. 

388.  LAGOPUS  LEUCUBUS  Sw. 
White-tailed  Ptarmig-an. 

389.  OBTYX  VIBGINIANUS  (L.)  BP. 
Tirg-inia  Partridgre  ;  Quail;  Rob-<white. 

389a.   OBTYX  VIBGINIANUS  (L.)  BP., 

var.  FLOKIDANUS  Cs. 
Florida  Partridgre. 


GEN.    184-192    OF   KEY.  79 

389b.   ORTYX  VIRGINIANUS  (L.)  BP., 
var.  TEXANUS  (Lawr.)  Cs. 
Texan  Partridg*e. 

390.  OREORTYX  PICTUS  (DOUGL.)  BD. 

Plumed  Partridg-e. 

391.  LOPHORTYX  CALIPORNICUS  (SHAW)  BP. 

Californian  Partridg-e. 

392.  LOPHORTYX  GAMBELI  NUTT. 

Crambel's  Partridg-e. 

393.  CALLIPEPLA  SQITAMATA  (ViG.)  GR. 

Scaled  Partridgre. 

394.  CYBTONYX  MASSENA  (LESS.)  GLD. 

Massena  Partridgre. 

395.  SQUATAROLA  HELVETICA  (L.)  Cuv. 

Black-bellied  Plover. 

396.  CHARADRIUS  FULVUS  GM., 

var.  VIRGINICUS  (Borck.)  Cs. 
Oolden  Plover. 

397.  ^SGIALITIS  VOCIPERUS  (L.)  CASS. 

Kildeer  Plover. 

398.  JEGIALITIS  WILSONIUS  (OBD)  CASS. 

Plover. 


399.  ^IGIALITIS  SEMIPALMATUS  (Bp.)  CAB. 
Semipalmated  Plover; 


400.  ^IGIALITIS  MELODUS  (ORD)  CAB. 

Piping-  Plover;  Ring-neck. 

401.  JEGIALITIS  CANTIANUS  (Lath.). 

Snowy  Plover. 


GEN.    191-202    OF   KEY.  81 

402.*  .ffiGIALITIS  ASIATICUS  (PALL.), 
var.  MONTANUS  (Towns.)  Cs. 
Mountain  Plover. 

403.  APHRIZA  VIRGATA  (GM.)  GR. 

Surf  lliri  1. 

404.  HJEMATOPUS  PALLIATUS  TEMM. 

Oyster-catcher. 

405.  HJEMATOPUS  NIGER  PALLAS. 

Black  Oyster-catcher. 

406.  STREPSILAS  INTERPRES  (L.)  ILL. 

Turnstone. 

406a.   STREPSILAS  INTERPRES  (L.)  ILL., 

var.  MELANOCEPHALUS  (Vig.)  Cs. 
mack-headed  Turnstone, 

407.  RECURVIROSTRA  AMERICANA  GM. 

Avocet. 

408.  HIMANTOPUS  NIGRICOLLIS  V. 

Stilt. 

409.  STEGANOPUS  WILSONI  (SAB.)  Cs. 

Wilson's  Phalarope. 

410.  LOBIPES  HYPERBOREUS  (L.)  Cuv. 

Northern  Phalarope. 

411.  PHALAROPUS  FTTLICARIUS  (L.)  BP. 

Red  Phalarope. 

412.  PHILOHELA  MINOR  (GM.)  GR. 

American  Woodcock. 

[413.]   SCOLOPAX  RUSTICOLA  L. 
European  H¥oodcock. 

*May  require  to  stand  as  Eudromias  montanus  (Towns. ">  Harting. 

CHECK  LIST  BIRDS.         6 


GEN.    203-207    OF   KEY.  83 

414.  GALLINAGO  WILSONI  (TEMM.)  BP. 
American  Snipe;  Wilson'.*  Snipe. 

415.  MACRORHAMPHUS  GRISEUS  (GM.)  LEACH. 

Red-breasted  Snipe. 

415a.   MACRORHAMPHUS  GRISEUS  (GM.)  LEACH, 
var.  SCOLOPACEUS  (Say)  Cs. 
Ijongr-Mlled  Snipe. 

416.  MICROPALAMA  HIMANTOPUS  (Bp.)  BD. 

Stilt  Sandpiper. 

417.  EREUNETES  PUSILLUS  (L.)  CASS. 

Semipalmated  Sandpiper. 

417a.   EREUNETES  PUSILLUS  (L.)  CASS., 

var.  OCCIDENT ALIS  (Lawr.)  Cs. 
Western  Semipalmated  Sandpiper. 

418.  TRINGA  MINUTILLA  V. 

!Least  Sandpiper. 

419.  TRINGA  BAIRDII  COUES. 

Haird's  Sandpiper. 

420.  TRINGA  MACULATA  V. 

Pectoral  Sandpiper. 

421.  TRINGA  BONAPARTEI  SCHL. 
White-rumped  Sandpiper. 

422?  TRINGA  COOPER!  BD. 
Cooper's  Sandpiper. 

423.  TRINGA  MARITIMA  BRUNNICH. 

JPnrple  Sandpiper. 

424.  TRINGA  ALPINA  L., 

var.  AMERICANA  Cass. 
American  Dunlin. 


GEN.    207-217    OF   KEY.  85 

425.  TBINGA  SUBABQUATA  GULD. 

Curlew  Sandpiper. 

426.  TBINGA  CANUTUS  L. 
Red-breasted  Sandpiper;  Knot. 

426bis.*  TBINGA  CKASSIROSTBIS  SCHLEGEL. 
Thick-billed  Sandpiper. 

427.  CALIDBIS  ABENABIA  (L.)  ILL. 
Sanderlingr;  Ruddy  Plover. 

428.  LIMOSA  FEDOA  (L.)  ORD. 
Great  Marbled  Godwit. 

429.  LIMOSA  HUDSONICA  (LATH.)  Sw. 

Hudsonian  C*odwit. 

430.  LIMOSA  UBOPYGIALIS  GOULD. 

Wliite-mmped  Godwit. 

431.  TOTANUS  SEMIPALMATUS  GM. 
Semipalniated  Tattler;  Willet. 

432.  TOTANUS  MELANOLEUCUS  GM. 

Oreater  Tell-tale. 

433.  TOTAWUS  FLAVIPES  GM. 


[434.]   TOTANUS  CHLOBOPUS  NILSSON. 
Oreen-slianks. 

435.  TOTANUS  SOLITABIUS  WILS. 

Solitary  Tattler. 

436.  TBINGOIDES  MACULABIUS  (L.)  GR. 

Spotted  Sandpiper. 

*Not  in  the  Key.    Obtained  at  St.  Paul's  Island,  by  H.  W.  Elliot.    Identified  by 
J.  E.  Harting.    See  DALL,  Am.  Nat.,  vii,  Oct.,  1873,  p.  634. 


GEN.  218-222,  224-228  OF  KEY.  87 

[437.]  PHILOMACHUS  PTJGNAX  (L.)  GR. 
Ruff;  Reeve. 

438.  ACTITURUS  BARTRAMIUS  (WiLS.)  BP. 
Rartramian  Sandpiper  ;  Upland  Plover. 

439.  TRYNCHTES  RUFESCENS  (V.)  CAB. 

Ruff-breasted  Sandpiper. 

440.  HETEROSCELTJS  INCANUS  (GM.)  Cs. 

Wandering-  Tattler. 

441.  NUMENIUS  LONGIROSTRIS  WILS. 

£,ongr-billed  Curlew. 

442.  NUMENIUS  HUDSONTCUS  LATH. 

Hudsonian  Curlenv. 

443.  NUMENTUS  BOREALIS  (FORST.)  LATH. 

Curlew. 


444.   TANTALUS  LOCULATOR  L. 
Wood 


445.  IBIS  FALCINELLUS  AUCT., 

var.  ORDU  (Bp.)  All. 
Glossy  Ibis. 

446.  IBIS  ALBA  (L.)  V. 

White  IMS. 

[447.]   IBIS  RUBRA  (L.)  V. 
Scarlet  Ibis. 

448.   PLATALEA  AJAJA  L. 
Roseate  Spoonbill. 

'  449.  ARDEA  HERODIAS  L. 
Great  Rlue  Heron. 

450?  ARDEA  WURDEMANNI  BD. 
Florida  Heron. 


GEN.  228-238,  223  or  KEY.  89 


451.  ARDEA  OCCIDENTALIS  AUD. 

Great  White  Heron. 

452.  ARDEA  EGRETTA  GM. 
Great  White 


'  453.   ARDEA  CANDIDISSIMA  JACQUIN. 
tittle  White  Eg-ret. 

454.  ARDEA  LEUCOGASTRA  GM., 

var.  LEUCOPRYMNA  (Licht.)  Cs. 
Louisiana  Heron. 

455.  ARDEA  RUFA  BODD. 

Reddish  Eg-ret. 

456.  ARDEA  CJERULEA  L. 
tittle  Blue  Heron. 

^457.   ARDEA  VIRESCENS  L. 
Green  Heron. 

,   458.   mrCTIARDEA  GRISEA  (L.)  STEPH., 
var.  N^EVIA  (Bodd.)  Allen. 
Rig-lit  Heron. 

459.  NYCTIARDEA  VIOLACEA  (L.)  Sw. 
Yellow-erowned  Rigrht  Heron. 

460.  BOTAURUS  MINOR  (GM.). 
Bittern;  Indian  Hen. 

461.  ARDETTA  EXILIS  (GM.)  GR. 

teast  JBittern. 

462.  GRITS  AMERICANUS  (L.)  ORD. 
1fVhite  Crane;  Wrhoopingr  Crane. 

463.  GRUS  CANADENSIS  (L.)  TEMM. 
JBrown  Crane  ;  Sandhill  Crane. 


GEN.    239-247    OF   KEY.  91 

464.   AKAMUS  SCOLOPACEUS  (GM.)  V., 

var.  GIGANTEUS  (Bp.)  Cs. 
Scolopaceous  Courlan. 

1  465.  BALLTTS  LONGIBOSTBIS  BODD. 
Clapper  Rail  ;  Salt-water  Alarsh  Hen. 

466.  BALLUS  ELEGANS  AUD. 
Fre*lB-wat«»r  Marsh  Hen. 

'  467.   RALLUS  VIBGINIANUS  L. 
Virginia  Kail. 

4  468.   PORZANA  CAROLINA  (L.)  V. 
Carolina  Rail;  Nora;  Ortolan. 

469.  PORZANA  NOVEBORACENSIS  (GM.)  CASS.      ' 

Yellow  Rail. 

470.  PORZANA  JAMAICENSIS  (GM.)  CASS. 

Rlack  Rail. 

[471.]   CREX  PRATENSIS  BECHSTEIN. 
Corn  Crake. 

*  472.   GALLINTJLA  GALEATA  (LIGHT.)  BP., 

(CHLOROPUS  var?). 
Florida  Gallinule. 

473.  PORPHYRIO  MARTINICA  (L.)  TEMM. 

Purple  Oallinule. 

474.  FULICA  AMERICANA  GM. 

Coot. 

475.  PHCENICOPTERUS  RUBER  L. 


.   CYGNUS  BUCCINATOB  RICHARDSON. 
Trumpeter 


GEN.    247-250    OF   KEY.  93 


477.  CYGNTJS  AMEBICANUS  SHARPLESS. 

Whistling-  Swan. 

478.  ANSEB  ALBIFBONS  GM., 

var.  GAMBELI  (Hartl.)  Cs. 
American  White-fronted  Goose. 

479?  ANSEB  C.SIBULESCENS  L. 
Blue  Goose. 

480.  ANSEB  HYPEBBOBETJS  PALL. 

MIIOW  Goose. 

480a.   ANSEB  HYPEBBOBEUS  PALL., 

var.  ALBATUS  (Cass.)  Cs. 
I^esser  Snow  Ooose. 

481.  ANSEB  BOSSII  BD. 

Goose. 


482.   PHILACTE  CANAGICA  (SEVAST.)  BANN. 
Painted  Ooose. 

[483.]   BBANTA  LEUCOPSIS  (L.). 
Barnacle  Goose. 

484.  BBANTA  BEBNICLA  (L.). 

Brant  Goose. 

485.  BBANTA  CANADENSIS  (L.). 
Canada  Goose  ;  Wild  Goose. 

485a.  BBANTA  CANADENSIS  (L.), 

var.  LEUCOPAREIA  (Brandt)  Cs. 
White-collared  Goose. 

485b.  BBANTA  CANADENSIS  (L.), 
var.  HUTCHINSII  (Rich.)  Cs. 
Hutchins'  Goose. 


GEN.    251-259    OP   KEY.  95 

486.  DENDROCYGNA  FULVA  (GM.)  BURM. 

Fulvou*  Tree  Duck. 

487.  DENDROCYGNA  AUTUMNALIS  (L.)  EYTON. 

Autumnal  Tree  Duck. 

'488.  ANAS  BOSCHAS  L. 
Mallard. 

^  489.   ANAS  OBSCURA  GM. 
Dusky  Duck. 

490.  DAFILA  ACUTA  (L.)  JENYNS. 

Pintail;  Sprig-tail. 

491.  CHAULELASMUS  STREPERUS  (L.)  GRAY. 

Gadwall;  Gray  Duck. 

[492.]  MARECA  PENELOPE  (L.)  BP. 
European  Widg-eon. 

493?  MARECA  AMERICANA  (GM.)  STEPH. 
American  Widgreon;  Daldpate. 

[494.]   QUERQUEDULA  CRECCA  (L.)  STEPH. 
Kng-lisb  Teal. 

495.   QUERQUEDULA  CAROLINENSIS  (GM.). 
Oreen-iringred  Teal. 

•496.   QUERQUEDULA  DISCORS  (L.)  STEPH. 
Dlue-iving-ed  Teal. 

497.  QUERQUEDULA  CYANOPTERA  (V.)  CASS. 

Cinnamon  Teal. 

498.  SPATULA  CLYPEATA  (L.)  BOIK. 

Snoveller. 

1/499.  AIX  SPONSA  (L.)  BOIE. 
§ummer  Duck ;  f^ood  Duck. 


GEN.  260-268  or  KEY.  97 

BOO.  PULIGULA  MARILA  (L.)  STEPH. 
Greater  Rlackhead. 

501?  FULIGULA  AFPINIS  EYTON. 
Lesser  Rlackhead. 

502.  PULIGULA  COLLARIS  (DONOVAN)  BP. 

Ringr-necked  Duck. 

503.  PULIGULA  PERINA  (L.)  Sw., 

var.  AMERICANA  (Eyton)  Coues. 
Redhead;  Pochard. 

504.  PULIGULA  VALLISNERIA  (WILS.)  STEPH. 

Canvas-hack. 

605.  BUCEPHALA  CLANGULA  (L.)  GR. 
Golden-eyed  Duck. 

506.  BUCEPHALA  ISLANDICA  (GM.)  BD. 

Rarro\v's  Golden-eye. 

507.  BUCEPHALA  ALBEOLA  (L.)  BD, 

Ruffle-headed  Duck. 

508.  HABELDA  GLACIALIS  (L.)  LEACH. 

liongr-tailed  Duck. 

509.  CAMPTOLJEMUS  LABKADOBIUS  (GM.)  GR. 

X<ahrador  Duck. 

510.  HISTRIONICUS  TORQUATUS  (L.)  BP. 

Harlequin  Duck. 

511.  SOMATERIA  STELLERI  (PALL.)  JARDINE. 

iiteller's  Duck. 

512.  SOMATERIA  PISCHERI  (BRANDT)  COUES. 

Spectacled  Kider. 

613.   SOMATERIA  MOLLISSIMA  (L.)  LEACH. 
Itfdcr  Duck. 

CHECK  LIST  BIRDS.         7 


GEN.    268-274   OF   KEY.  99 

514?  SOMATERIA  V-NIGRA  GRAY. 
Pacific  Eider. 

515.  SOMATERIA  SPECTABILIS  (L.)  LEACH. 

King-  fider. 

516.  CEDEMIA  AMERICANA  Sw. 
American  JBlack  Scoter. 

517.  CEDEMIA  FUSCA  (L.)  Sw., 

(?  var.  VELVKTINA  Cass.) 
Velvet  Scoter. 

518.  GEDEMIA  PERSPICILLATA  (L.)  FLEMING. 

Surt*  Duck. 

518a.   CEDEMIA  PERSPICILLATA  (L.)  FLEMING, 
var.  TROWKKIDGEI  (Bd.)  Coues. 
Scoter. 


519.   ERISMATURA  RUBIDA  (WiLS.)  BP. 
lluddy  Duck. 

[520.]   ERISMATURA  DOMINICA  (L.)  EYTON. 

]>uck. 


521.  MERGUS  MERGANSER  L. 
31  erg-anger  ;  (Goosander. 

522.  MERGUS   SERRATOR  L. 
Red-breasted 


523.   MERGUS  CUCULLATUS  L. 
Hooded 


524.    SULA  BASSANA  L. 

Solan  Choose. 


525.  SULA  FIBER  L. 
Ilooby  Oaiinet. 

526.  PELECANUS  TRACHYRHYNCHUS  LATH. 

White  Pelican. 


GEN.    274-280   OF  KET.  101 

627.  PELECANUS  FUSCUS  L. 
Brown  Pelican. 

528.  GBACULUS  CABBO  (L.)  GRAY. 
Common  Cormorant;  Snag*. 

529.  GBACULUS  CINCINNATUS  (BRANDT)  GRAY. 

W  liite-t  uftcd  Cormorant. 

530.  GBACULUS  DILOPHUS  (Sw.)  GRAY. 

Double -crested  Cormorant. 

630a.   GBACULUS  DILOPHUS  (Sw.)  GRAY, 
var.  FLORIDANUS  (Aud.)  Coues. 
Florida  Cormorant. 

531.  GBACULUS  MEXICANUS  (BRANDT)  BP. 

Mexican  Cormorant* 

632.   GBACULUS  PENICILLATUS  (BRANDT)  Bp. 
Brandt's  Cormorant. 

533.   GBACULUS  PEBSPICILLATUS  (PALL.)  LAWH. 
Pallas'  Cormorant. 

634.  GBACULUS  BICBISTATUS  (PALL.)  BD. 

Red-faced  Cormorant. 

635.  GBACULUS  VIOLACEUS  (GM.)  GR. 

Violet-green  Cormorant. 

636.  PLOTUS  ANHINGA  L. 

Anliing-a;  ]>arter. 

537.   TACHYPETES  AQUILUS  (L.)  V. 
frig-ate. 

638.  PHAETHON  FLAVIBOSTBIS  BRANDT. 
Yellow-billed  Tropic  Bird. 

539.  STEBCOBABIUS  SKUA  (BRUNN.)  COUES. 
Skua  Gull. 


GEN.    280-281    OF   KEY.  103 

540.  STEBCOBABIUS  POMATOBHINUS  (TEMM.)  LAWR. 

Pomarine  Jaegrer. 

541.  STEBCOBABIUS  PARASITICUS  (BRUNN.)  GRAY. 

Richardson's  Jaegrer. 

542.  STEBCOBABIUS  BUFFONT  (Bora)  COUES. 
Arctic  Jaegrer  ;  I^ongr-tailett1  Jaeg-er. 

543.  LABUS  GLAUCUS  BRUNN. 

Glaucous  Gull. 

544.  LABUS  LEUCOPTEBUS  ¥ABER. 

White-winded  Gull. 

545.  LABUS  GLAUCESCENS  LIGHT. 

Glaiicous-wiiigredl  Oull. 

'X646.  LABUS  MABINUS  L. 
Oreat  Blaclt-toaclted  Oull. 

^547.  LABUS  ABGEWTATUS  BRUNN. 
Herring-  Oull;  Common  Crull. 

547a.  LABUS  ABGENTATUS  BRUNN., 

var.  SMITHSONIANUS  Coues. 
American  Herring*  Gull. 

,    547b.  LABUS  ABGENTATUS  BRUNN., 
var.  OCCIDENTALIS  (And.)  Coues. 
Western  Herring-  Gull. 

548.   LABUS  DELAWABENSIS  ORD. 

Gull. 


548a.  LABUS  DELAWABENSIS  ORD, 
var.  CALIFORNICUS  (Lawr.)  Coues. 
Californian  Gull. 

549.   LABUS  CANUS  L., 
var.  BRACHYRHYNCHUS  (Rich.)  Coues. 
American  M.eiv  Gull. 


GEN.   281-291    OF  KEY.  105 

550.  LA&US  EBURNEUS  GM. 

Ivory  Gull. 

551.  LARUS  BELCHERI  VIGORS. 

White-headed  Gull 

552.  LARUS  TRIDACTYLUS  L. 

Kittiwake  Gull. 

552a.  LARUS  TRIDACTYLUS  L., 
var.  KOTZEBUI  (Bp.)  Coues. 
Pacific  Jiittiivakc. 

553.  LARUS  BREVIROSTRIS  (BRANDT)  COUES. 

Short-hilled  kittiu  akc. 
/^ 

554.  LARUS  ATRICILLA  L. 

iLaugrhing-  Gull. 

555.  LARUS  FRANKLINI  RICH. 

Franklin's  Rosy  Gull. 

556.  LARUS  PHILADELPHIA  (ORD)  COUKS. 

Bonaparte's   Gull. 

557.  RHODOSTETHIA  ROSEA  (MACGILL.)  BP. 

Gull. 


558.  XEMA  SABINEI  (SAB.)  BP. 

Fork-tailed  Gull. 

559.  XEMA  FURCATUM  (NEBOUX). 

Swallow-tailed  Gull. 

560.  STERNA  ANGLICA  MONTAGU. 
Gull-hilled  Tern  ;  Harsh  Tern. 

661.   STERNA  CASPIA  PALLAS, 

VdV.    IMPERATOR  CoUCS. 

Caspian  Tern. 

562.   STERNA  REGIA  GAMBEL. 
Royal  Tern. 


GEN.    291-295    OF    KEY.  107 

563.  STERNA  GALERICULATA  LIGHT. 

JBleg-aiit  Tern. 

564.  STERNA  CANTIACA  GM. 

Sandwich  Tern. 

565.  STERNA  HIRUNDO  L. 
Common  Tern;  Sea  Swallow. 

566.  STERNA  FORSTERI  NUTT. 

Forstcr's  Tern. 

'  567.   STERNA  MACROURA  NAUMANN. 
Arctic  Tern. 

568.   STERNA  LONGIPENNIS  NORDMANN. 
Pike's  Tern. 

*  569.   STERNA  PARADISJEA  BRUNN. 
Roseate  Tern. 

570.   STERNA  SUPERCILIARIS  V. 
Least  Tern. 

[571.]   STERNA  TRUDEAUI  AUD. 
Trudeau's  Tern. 

572.  STERNA  ALEUTICA  BAIRD. 

Aleutian  Tern. 

573.  STERNA  FULIGINOSA  GM. 

Sooty  Tern. 

[574.]   STERNA  ANOSTH^ITA  SCOPOLI. 
Bridled  Tern. 

575.  HYDROCHELIDON  PISSIPES  (L.)  GRAY. 

Black  Tern. 

576.  ANGUS  STOLIDUS  (L.)  LEACH, 

Noddy  Tern. 

-577.  RHYNCHOPS  NIGRA  L. 
If  lack  Skimmer. 


GEN.    296-305    OF   KEY.  109 

578.  DIOMEDEA  BBACHYUBA  TEMM. 

Short-tailed  Albatross. 

579.  DIOMEDEA  NIGBIPES  AUD. 
Black-footed  Albatross. 

680.   DIOMEDEA  FULIGINOSA  GM. 
Sooty  Albatross. 

581.  FULMABUS  GIGANTEUS  (GM.). 

Giant  Fulmar. 

582.  FULMABUS  GLACIALIS  (L.)  STEPH. 

fulmar  Petrel. 

682a.   FULMABUS  GLACIALIS  (L.)  STEPH., 
var.  PACIFICUS  (Aud.)  Coues. 
Pacific  Fulmar. 

582b.   FULMABUS  GLACIALIS  (L.)  STEPH., 
var.  RODGERSI  (Cass.)  Coues. 
Rodgrers'  Fulmar. 

[583.]  FULMABUS  TEWUIBOSTBIS  (AUD.)  COUKS. 
Slender-billed  Fulmar. 

[584.]  DAPTION  CAPENSIS  (L.)  STEPH. 
Pintado  Petrel ;  Cape  Pigreon. 

[585.]   JESTBELATA  HJESITATA  (KUHL)  COUES. 
Black-capped  Petrel. 

586.  HALOCYPTENA  MICBOSOMA  COUES. 
Wedg-e-tailed  Petrel;  Least  Petrel. 

587.  PBOCELLABIA  PELAGICA  L. 

Stormy  Petrel;  Mother  Carey's  Chicken. 

588.  CYMOCHOBEA  LEUCOBBHOA  (V.)  COUES. 

Leach'*  Petrel. 

689.   CYMOCHOBEA  MELANIA  (Bp.)  Couns. 
Slack  Petrel. 


GEN.    300-310  OF  KEY.  Ill 

590.  CYMOCHOREA  HOMOCHROA  COUES. 

Ashy  Petrel. 

591.  OCEANODROMA  FURCATA  (GM.)  BP.   . 

fork-tailed  Petrel. 

592.  OCEANODROMA  HORNBYI  (GRAY)  BP. 

Hornby  'ft  Petrel. 

593.  OCEANITES   OCEANICA  (KUIIL)  COUES. 

Wilson's  Petrel. 

[591.]  FREGETTA  GRALLARIA  (V.)  BP. 
White-bellied  Petrel. 

[595.]  PUFFINUS  MELANURUS  (BONN.)  COUES. 
Jilaclt-tailed  Shearwater. 

596.  PUFFINUS  KUHLII  BP. 
Cinereous  Shearwater. 

597.  PUFFINUS  MAJOR  FABER. 

Greater  Shearwater. 

598?  PUFFINUS  CREATOPUS  COUES. 
flesh-tooted  Shearwater. 

599.  PUFFINUS  ANGLORUM  TEMM. 

Manks  Shearwater. 

600.  PUFFINUS  OBSCURUS  (GM.)  LATH. 

shearwater. 


601?  PUFFINUS  OPISTHOMELAS  COUES. 
Jllaclt-veiited  shearwater. 

602?  PUFFINUS  FULIGINOSUS  STRICKL. 
Sooty  Sht^ir  \v;ater. 

603?  PUFFINUS  AMAUROSOMA  COUES. 
l>arli-bodied  Shear^vater. 

604.   PUFFINUS  TENUIROSTRIS  TEMM. 
Slender-billed  Shearwater. 


GEN.    311-314    OF   KEY.  113 

605.  COLYMBUS  TOKQUATUS  BRUNN. 
Ijoon;  Great  jtfortlieru  Diver. 

605a.   COLYMBUS  TOBQUATUS  BRUNN., 

var.  ADAMSII  (Gray)  Coues. 
Yellow-billed    I.oon. 

606.  COLYMBUS  ABCTICUS  L. 
Ulack-tbroated  Diver. 

606a.   COLYMBUS  ABCTICUS  L., 
var.  PACIFICUS  (Lawr.)  Coues. 
Pacific  Diver. 

607.  COLYMBUS  SEPTENTBIONALIS  L. 

Red-throated  Diver. 

608.  PODICEPS  OCCIDENTALS  LAWR. 

We§tern  Grebe. 

608a.  PODICEPS  OCCIDENTALS  LAWR., 
var.  CLARKII  (Lawr.)  Coues. 
Clarke's  Grebe. 

609.  PODICEPS  CRISTATUS  (L.)  LATH. 

Crested  Grebe. 

610.  PODICEPS  GBISEIGENA  (BODD.)  GRAY, 

var   HOLBOLLI  (Reinh.)  Coues. 
Red-necked  Grebe. 

611.  PODICEPS  COBNUTUS  (GM.)  LATH. 

Horned  Grebe. 

612.  PODICEPS  AUBITUS  (L.)  LATH., 

var.  CALIFORNICUS  (Heerm.)  Coues. 
American  Eared  Grebe. 

613.  PODICEPS  DOMINICUS  (L.) 

§t.  Doming-o  Grebe. 

CHECK  LIST  BIRDS.          8 


GEN.    315-323    OF  KEY.  115 

/6H.  PODILYMBUS  PODICEPS  (L.)  LAWR. 
Pied-billed  Dabchick. 

615.  ALGA  IMPENNIS  L. 

Great  Auk. 

[Extinct  ?] 

616.  UTAMANIA  TOBDA  (L.)  LEACH. 

Razor-billed  Auk. 

617.  PBATEBCULA  COBNICULATA  (NAUM.)  GRAY. 

Horned  Puffin. 

618.  PBATERCULA  ABCTICA  (L.)  STEPH. 

Common  Puffin;   Sea  Parrot. 

618a.   PBATEBCULA  ABCTICA  (L.)  STEPH., 
var.  GLACIALIS  (Leach)  Cones. 
X.argre-billed  Puffin. 

619.  PBATEBCULA  CIBBHATA  (PALL.)  STEPH. 

Tufted  Puffin. 

620.  CEBATOBHINA  MONOCEBATA  (PALL.)  CASS. 

Horn-billed  Auk. 

621.  PHALEBIS  PSITTACULA  (PALL.)  TEMM. 

Parroquet  Auk. 

622.  SIMOBHYNCHUS    CBISTATELLUS  (PALL.)  MKRREM. 

Crested  Auk. 

623.  SIMOBHYNCHUS  CAMTSCHATICUS  (LEPECH.)  SCHL. 

Auk. 


624.  SIMOBHYNCHUS  PUSILLUS  (PALL.)  COTJES. 

HLnob-billed  Auk;  JLeast  Auk. 

625.  PTYCHOBHAMPHUS  ALEUTICUS  (PALL.)  BRANDT. 

Aleutian  Auk. 


GEN.    324-328    OF   KEY.  117 

626.  MERGULUS  ALLE  (L.)  VIEILL. 

Sea  Dove ;  Dov.ekie. 

627.  SYNTHLIBORHAMPHUS  ANTIQUUS  (GM.)  BRANDT. 

Black-throated  Guillemot. 

628.  SYNTHLIBORHAMPHUS 

WURMIZUSUME  (TEMM.)  Coums. 
Temiuinck's  Auk. 

629.  BRACHYRHAMPHUS  M ARMOR ATUS  (GM.)  BRANDT. 

Marbled  Murrelet. 

630.  BRACHYRHAMPHUS  KITTLITZII  BRANDT. 

Kittlitz's  Murrelet. 

631.  URIA  GRYLLE  (L.)  BRUNN. 
Black  Guillemot ;  Sea  Pig-eon. 

632.  URIA  COLUMBA  (PALL.)  CASS. 

Pig-eon  Guillemot. 

633.  URIA  CARBO  (PALL.)  BRANDT. 

Sooty  Guillemot. 

634.  LOMVIA  TROILE  (L.)  BRANDT. 
Common  Guillemot;  Hurre. 

635.  LOMVIA  ARRA  (PALL.)  COUES. 

Thick-billed  Guillemot. 


EXTINCT   SPECIES. 


1.  UINTOBNIS  LUCABIS  MARSH. 

2.  AQUILA  BANANA  MARSH. 

3.  BUBO  LEPTOSTEUS  MARSH. 

4.  MELEAGBIS  ANTIQUUS  MARSH. 

5.  MELEAGBIS  ALTTJS  MARSH. 

6.  MELEAGBIS  CELEB  MARIH. 

7.  GBUS  HAYDENI  MARSH. 

8.  GBUS  PBOAVUS  MARSH. 

9.  ALETOBNIS  NOBILIS  MARSH. 

10.  ALETOBNIS  PEBNIX  MARSH. 

11.  ALETOBNIS  VENUSTUS  MARSH. 

12.  ALETOBNIS  GBACILIS  MARSH. 

13.  ALETOBNIS  BELLUS  MARSH. 

14.  TELMATOBNIS  PBIS6US  MARSH. 

15.  TELMATOBNIS  APFINIS  MARSH. 


(119) 


EXTINCT    SPECIES.  121 

16.  PALJSOTRINGA  LITTORALIS  MARSH. 

17.  PAL^OTRINGA  VETUS  MARSH. 

18.  PAKSOTRINGA  VAGANS  MARSII. 

19.  SULA  LOXOSTYLA  COPE. 

20.  GRACULUS  IDAHENSIS  MARSH. 

21.  GRACULAVUS  VELOX  MARSH. 

22.  GRACULAVUS  PUMILUS  MARSH. 

* 

23.  GRACULAVUS  ANCEPS  MARSH. 

23bis.*   GRACULAVUS  AGILIS  MARSH. 

24.  ICHTHYORNTS  DISPAR  MARSH. 
24bis.f  APATORNIS  CELER  MARSH. 

25.  PUFPINUS  CONRADI  MARSH. 

26.  CATARRACTES  ANTIQUUS  MARSH. 

27.  CATARRACTES  AFFINTS  MARSH. 

28.  HESPERORNTS  REGALIS  MARSH. 

29.  LAORNIS  EDVARDSIANUS  MARSH. 


*  Not  in  the  Key.    (Marsh,  Am.  Jour.,  Sci.  and  Arts,  v,  p.  230,  March,  1873.) 
fNot  In  the  Key.    This  species,  with  No.  24,  represents  a  new  order,  Ichthyor- 

nithes,  of  a  new  subclass,  Odontornithes.     (Marsh,  Am.  Jour.,  Sci.  and  Arts,  v, 

p.  161,  Feb.,  1873.) 


APPENDIX 

CONTAINING 

ADDITIONS  AND   CORRECTIONS 
TO  THE  CHECK  LIST. 


PREPARED  under  circumstances  of  remote  isolation  which  deprived 
the  author  of  the  advantage  of  certain  works  of  reference  he  desired 
to  consult,  the  CHECK  LIST  contains  some  names  for  which  no 
authority  is  cited,  and  in  a  few  instances  a  change  of  the  authority 
given  may  be  required. 

One  new  species  has  been  added  to  the  North  American  fauna  during 
the  printing  of  the  List ;  five  additional  known  species  have  since  been 
ascertained  to  occur  in  this  country,  and  meanwhile  several  new  varie- 
ties have  been  published  after  the  impression  had  passed  the  page 
where  they  should  respectively  appear;  these  are  brought  into  the 
present  connection.  Most  of  them  appear  entitled  to  varietal  recog- 
nition; but  in  printing  the  names  formally,  for  the  convenience  of 
those  who  may  desire  to  use  such  names  in  labelling,  the  author  must 
not  necessarily  be  held  to  endorse  them  in  every  instance. 

The  body  of  the  List  was  printed,  and  some  early  copies  distributed, 
in  Dec.,  1873;  but  the  publication  of  the  volume  was  held  over  until 
1874,  to  insert  in  the  Appendix  names  then  about  being  published. 


No.  41?  The  query  indicates  a  probability  that  this  is  a  variety  of 
No.  40,  as  held  by  Mr.  Allen. 

No.  46.   The  United  States  form  constitutes  a  variety  of  true  mexi- 
canus.    See  Ridgway,  Am.  Nat.,  vii,  1873,  603. 

(123) 


APPENDIX  TO  CHECK   LIST.  125 

46.    CATHERPES  MEXICANUS  (Sw.)  BD., 

var.  CONSPERSUS  Ridg. 
White-throated  Wren. 

No.  53a.  The  pale  western  Eremophila,  not  the  same  as  the  small 
bright  southwestern  var.  rufa,  may  be  distinguished  as 

53b.  EREMOPHILA  ALPESTRIS  (FORST.), 
var.  LEUCOL^EMA  Coues. 
Prairie  I^arl*. 

No.  55bis.  The  following  species,  a  straggler  from  Asia,  is  in  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  from  St.  Michael's,  Alaska,  and  should  take 
place  in  the  list. 

[55bis.]  ANTHUS  PRATENSIS  BECHST. 
Meadow 


No.  68.  The  Pacific  form  is  varietally  distinguishable.  See  Ridg- 
way,  Am.  Nat.,  vii,  1873,  606.  The  Floridan  form,  later  distinguished 
by  Mr.  Ridgway  as  var.  obscurus,  seems  hardly  worthy  of  recognition 
by  name. 

68a.  HELMINTHOPHAGA  CELATA  (SAY)  BD., 

var.  LUTESCENS  Ridg. 
Golden  Orangre-crowiied  Warbler. 

No.  88.  On  the  Mississippi  Valley  form,  see  Ridgway,  Am.  Nat., 
vii,  1873,  606. 

88a.   DENDRGECA  DOMINICA  (L.)  BD., 

var.  ALBILORA  Bd. 
White-browed  Yellow-throated  Warbler. 

No.  99  ?  The  probability  mentioned  in  the  text  may  be  regarded  as 
assured. 

No.  102.  The  Pacific  form  is  varietally  distinguishable.  See  Ridg- 
way, Am.  Nat.,  vii,  1873,  608. 

102a.   MYIODIOCTES  PUSILLUS  (WILS.)  BP., 

var.  PILEOLATA  (Pall.)  Ridg. 
Pacific  JFlycatching-  Warbler. 

[No.  106.]  According  to  Baird  and  Ridgway,  Am.  Nat.,  vii,  1873, 
612,  this  should  stand  as  C.  bahamensis. 

[106.]    CERTHIOLA  BAHAMENSIS  Reich. 
Honey  Creeper. 


APPENDIX    TO    CHECK   LIST.  127 

No.  135a.  The  C.  elegans  of  Baird  (not  of  Swainson)  has  been  re- 
named G,  ludovicianus  var.  robustus,  a  name  which,  however,  it  may 
not  be  necessary  to  adopt.  (Am.  Nat.,  vii,  1873,  609.) 

[No.  138]  ?  The  query  indicates  that  the  determination  of  specific 
validity,  cited  and  adopted  in  the  Key,  may  have  been  made  by  Dr. 
Tristram  on  grounds  held  in  the  Key  to  constitute  only  geographical 
varieties ;  so  that  we  may  revert  to  the  view  of  its  original  describer 
as  P.  coccinea  var.  cassini  Bd. 

[138.]  PYBBHULA  COCCINEA, 

var.  CASSINI  Bd. 
Cassin's  Jlullfincla. 

No.  144.  The  Leucosticte  tephrocotis  var.  australis  Allen,  lately  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  Ridgway  (Ess.  Inst.  Bull.,  v,  197),  I  believe  to  be 
merely  the  midsummer  plumage  of  the  ordinary  bird,  as  my  ^Egiothus 
var.  fuscescens  probably  is  of  A.  linaria. 

No.  155.   For  chestnut-colored  read  chestnut-collared. 

"    157.   Omit  the  query,  which  should  have  been  affixed  to  the  next 
species. 

No.  157bis.  To  be  cancelled.  See  Scott,  Am.  Nat.,  vii,  1873,  564; 
Coues,  ibid.,  p.  696. 

No.  165.  There  is  a  curious  small  blackish  form  of  this  species  from 
Florida,  which  has  been  distinguished  (Bull.  Ess.  Inst.,  v,  198)  as 

165a.  AMMODBOMUS  MABITIMUS  Sw., 

var.  NIGRESCENS  Ifidgw. 
Dusky  Seaside  Finch. 

No.  170a.  Mr.  Ridgway  has  lately  demonstrated  to  my  satisfaction 
that  Peuccea  cassini  is  a  distinct  species ;  the  bird  which  I  called  "var. 
cassini"  is  a  variety  of  cestivalis  which  he  proposes  to  call  var.  arizonce. 
Am.  Nat.,  vii,  1873,  616.  So  the  species  and  varieties  will  stand : — 

170a.  PETJCJEA  -SSSTIVALIS  (LIGHT.)  CAB., 

var.  ARIZONA  Ridg. 
Arizona  Pine  JFinch. 

170bis.  PEUCJEA  CASSINI  (WOODH.)  BD. 
Cassin's  Pine  Finch. 

No.  173.  A  very  notable  variety  of  Poospiza  belli,  from  Nevada,  has 
lately  been  characterized  (Bull.  Ess.  Inst.,  v,  198).  It  is  much  larger, 
paler  and  grayer,  with  streaked  interscapulars. 

173a.  POOSPIZA  BELLI  (CASS.)  SCL., 
var.  NEVADENSIS  Ridg. 
"STevatlan  Finch. 


APPENDIX   TO    CHECK   LIST.  129 

No.  174.  The  form  of  Junco  with  white  wing-bars,  noted  in  the 
Key,  p.  141,  is  named  J.  hyemalis  var.  aikeni  Eidgway,  Am.  Nat.,  vii, 
1873,  616.  See  also  Pr.  Bost.  Soc.,  xv,  1872,  p.  201. 

174a.  JUNCO  HYEMALIS  (L.)  Scl., 

var.  AIKENI  Eidg. 
White-winded  Snowbird. 

Nos.  175?  176?  The  queries  indicate  the  gradation  with  No.  174 
noted  in  the  Key,  p.  141. 

No.  183a.  The  true  Z.  lencophrys  var.  gambeli  is  a  Pacific  coast  form, 
from  which  the  Middle  Coast  form  has  been  distinguished  (Bull.  Ess. 
Inst.,  v,  198)  as 

183b.   ZOWOTBICHIA  IiEUCOPHRYS  (FORST.)  Sw., 

var.  INTERMEDIA  Eidgw. 
Ridgrway's  Sparrow. 

No.  206.   For  Canon  read  Canon. 

"    210.   The  prairie  form   has  been  characterized  as  Dolichonyx 
oryzivorus  var.  alMnucha  Eidg.  (Bull.  Ess.  Inst.,  v,  198),  a  name  it 
may  not  be  necessary  to  adopt. 
No.  216.   For  Dandin  read  Daudin. 

"    220.   For  Girand  read  Giraud. 

"    226.   For  Nuttallii  read  Nuttalli. 

"    229a.    For  Gairdnerii  read  Gairdneri. 

'*  237.  The  question  of  synonymy  left  open  in  the  Key,  p.  166,  has 
been  determined  (Bull.  Ess.  Inst.,  v,  199)  as  follows:  "A.  sordida" 
of  the  Key  is  a  new  variety,  arizonce  of  ultramarina,  the  true  sordida 
being  a  Mexican  variety  of  the  same  species.  Accordingly,  No.  237 
should  stand  as 

237.  APHELOCOMA  ULTRAMARINA  (Bp.)  CAB., 
•  var.  ARIZONA  (Eidg.) 

Arizona  Ultramarine  Jay. 

No.  239.  Two  varieties  of  Canada  jay,  one  from  Alaska,  the  other 
from  the  Eocky  Mountains,  have  lately  been  named  (Bull.  Ess.  Inst., 
v,  199). 

239a.  PERISOREUS  CANADEWSIS  (L.)  BP., 

var.  OBSCURUS  Eidg. 
]>uslcy  Canada  Jay. 

239b.  PERISOREUS  CANADENSIS  (L.)  BP., 

var.  CAPITALIS  Bd. 
Rocky  Mountain  Jay. 

CHECK  LIST  BIRDS.         9 


APPENDIX    TO    CHECK    LIST.  131 

No.  274bis.  A  fine  species  of  humming  bird  has  been  discovered  by 
Mr.  H.  W.  Henshaw  to  inhabit  Arizona,  and  has  been  determined 
by  Mr.  Lawrence  to  be  Eugenes  fulyens.  (Am.  Nat.,  viii,  1874,  in 
press.) 

274bis.   EUGENES  FULGEWS  (Sw.). 
Refiilgreiit  II  manning  l>ii-«l. 

No.  279.   The  authority  is  (LESS.)  BP. 

"    281.   The  authorit3r  is  (LESS.)  GLD. 

"    292.   The  authority  is  (LATH.)  NUTT. 

"  303?  This  species,  queried  in  the  text,  and  in  Key,  p.  195,  may 
be  regarded  as  a  variety  of  302,  the  intergradatiou,  through  302a,  prov- 
ing complete.  See  Ridgway,  Am.  Jour.,  iv,  Dec.,  1872. 

302b.   SPHYBAPICUS  VARIUS  (L.)  BD., 

var.  RUBER  (Gm.)  Kidg. 
Red-breasted  Woodpecker. 

Nos.  304,  305.  Observations  lately  made  by  Mr.  H.  W.  Henshaw 
(Am.  Nat.,  viii,  1874,  in  press)  are  to  the  effect  that  Sphyrapicus  thy- 
roideus  is  the  female  of  S.  williamsoni.  The  opposite  sexes  of  each 
of  these  species  have  not  been  satisfactorily  recognized,  and  upon 
examination  of  Mr.  Henshaw's  material,  I  find  almost  conclusive  evi- 
dences in  favor  of  his  views,  substantiating  his  observations.  Such 
sexual  differences  are  unique  in  the  family.  As  the  older  name,  K. 
tliyroideus  will  stand  for  the  species,  8.  williamsoni  becoming  a  syno- 
nyrae.  No.  305  is  therefore  to  be  cancelled. 

No.  307.    The  authority  is  (WAGL.)  GRAY. 

No.  318.  A  dark  Floridan  form  of  Scops  has  been  characterized 
under  the  following  name  (Bull.  Ess.  Inst.,  v,  200)  : — 

318c.   SCOPS  ASIO  (L.)  BP., 

var.  FLORIDANUS  Ridg. 
Floridan  ScreecH  Owl. 


No.  320.  The  authority  is  FLEMING. 
"    321.   The  authority  is  (BECHST.)  BP. 

"    322.   The  term  cinereum  has  priority  over  lapponicum;  the  bird 
should  stand  as 

322.   SYRNIUM  CINEREUM  (GM.)  AUD., 
Great  Gray  Owl. 

No.  327.  The  authority  is  (GM.)  BP. 
"    329.   The  authority  is  (L.)  BP. 
"    330.    The  authority  is  (MAX.)  KAUP. 


APPENDIX   TO    CHECK   LIST.  133 

Nos.  343,  344.  The  dark  northwest  coast  forms  of  duck  hawk  and 
pigeon  hawk  respectively  have  been  named  (Bull.  Ess.  Inst.,  v,  201) 
as  follows  :— 

343a.  PALCO  COMMUNIS  GM., 

var.  PEALEI  Eidg. 
Peale's  Duck  Hawk. 

344a.   FALCO  COLUMBARIUS  L., 

var.  SUCKLEYI  Eidg. 
Suckley's  Pigreon  Hawk. 

No.  351c.  The  authority  is  ^HOOPES,  Pr.  Phila.  Acad.,  1873,  238,  pi. 
5  (Iowa). 

No.  381.  A  dark  form  of  Tetrao  obscurus,  from  Sitka,  has  lately  been 
characterized  (Bull.  Ess.  Inst.,  v,  199)  :  it  is  more  like  true  obscurus 
than  like  var.  richardsoni,  having  the  broad  terminal  slate  bar  of  the 
tail. 

381b.   TETRAO  OBSCURUS  SAY, 

var.  FULIGINOSA  (Eidg.). 
Sitkan  Husky  Grouse. 

No.  384.  A  pale  form  of  Cupidonia,  from  Texas,  has  lately  been 
characterized  (Bull.  Ess.  Inst.,  v,  199)  :— 

384a.   CUPIDONIA  CUPIDO  (L.)  BD., 

var.  PALLIDICINCTA  Eidg. 
Texas  Prairie  Hen. 

No.  400.  A  variety  of  this  species  is  described  by  Mr.  Eidgway, 
(Am.  Nat.,  viii,  1874,  109),  as  A.  melodus  var.  circumcinctus,  having 
the  black  pectoral  band  complete. 

400a.  JEGIALITIS  MELODUS  (Ora>)  CAB., 

var.  CIRCUMCINCTUS  Eidg. 
Missouri  Piping-  Plover. 

No.  400bis.  A  new  species  of  JEgialitis  is  described  from  San  Fran- 
cisco by  Mr.  Eidgway  (Am.  Nat.,  viii,  1874,  109). 

400bis.  JEGIALITIS  MICRORHYNCHUS  EIDG. 
Slender-billed  Plover. 

No.  401.  The  American  form  of  ^.  cantianus  may  be  considered 


APPENDIX    TO    CHECK   LIST.  135 

varietally  distinct  from  the  European  (see  Ridgway,  Am.  Nat.,  viii, 
1874,  109). 

401.   ^IGIALITIS  CANTIANUS  (LATH.), 
var.  NIVOSUS  (Cass.)  Eidgw. 
Snowy  Plover. 

No.  402*.  As  intimated  in  the  text,  the  North  American  mountain 
plover  is  perfectly  distinct  from  the  Asiatic.  I  have  only  lately  seen  it 
in  breeding  dress  :  it  has  no  black  pectoral  band,  but  a  transverse 
black  coronal  belt  and  black  loral  stripe. 

402.  EUDROMIAS  MONTANUS  (TOWNS.)  HARTING. 
Mountain  Plover. 

No.  415a.  It  is  not  necessary  to  recognize  this  even  by  varietal 
name;  "  M.  scolopaceus"  being  merely  longer-billed  specimens  of  M. 
griseus,  such  as  may  be  shot  out  of  almost  any  flock  of  the  latter. 
The  range  of  variation  in  length  of  bill  is  no  greater  than  that  occur- 
ring in  Ereunetes  pusillus,  as  noted  in  the  Key,  p.  254. 

No.  442bis.  A  well  known  Pacific  curlew,  before  overlooked  in  the 
Smithsonian  collection,  was  taken  at  Fort  Renai,  Alaska,  May  18,  1869, 
by  F.  Bischofi",  and  should  be  added  to  the  last  as  a  straggler. 

[442bis.]  NUMENIUS  FEMORALIS  PEALE. 
Bristle-bellied  Curlew. 

No.  445.  According  to  Mr.  Ridgway  (Am.  Nat.,  viii,  1874,  110),  the 
ordinary  North  American  glossy  ibis  is  absolutely  identical  with  that 
of  the  Old  World.  He,  however,  finds  two  other  species  in  western 
United  States,  /.  guarauna  and  I.  thalassinus.  According  to  this 
determination  our  species  would  stand  as  follows  :  — 

445.   IBIS  FALCINELLUS  Aucx. 
Glossy  Ibis. 

445bis.  IBIS  GUARAUNA  (LINN.)  RIDG. 
White-faced 


445ter.  IBIS  THALASSINUS  RIDG. 
Green  Ibis. 

No.  448bis.  I  am  informed  by  Prof.  Baird  that  the  Jabiru,  of  Cen- 
tral America,  was  taken  some  years  since  at  Austin,  Texas.  It  should 
enter  the  list  as  a  straggler. 

[448bis.]  MYCTERIA  AMERICANA  L. 
Jabiru. 


APPENDIX    TO    CHECK   LIST.  137 

No.  450?   For  occasion  of  the  query  see  Key,  p.  267. 
No.  466.    A  pale  form  is  described  from  California.     See  Ridgway 
(Am.  Nat.,  viii,  1874,  111). 

466a.   BALLUS  ELEGANS  AUD., 

var.  OBSOLETUS  Ridg. 
Califoriiiaii  Rail. 

No.  470.   A  peculiar  variety  of  the  black  rail  is  described  from  the 
Parallones  by  Mr.  Ridgway  (Amer.  Nat.,  viii,  1874,  111). 

470a.   PORZANA  JAMAICENSIS  (GM.)  CASS., 

var.  COTURNICULUS  Bd. 
Pacific  mack  Rail. 

No.  472.    The  relationships  of  this  form  to  the  European  &.  chloropus 
require  further  investigation.     It  will  probably  stand  as 

472.   GALLINULA  CHLOROPUS  LATH., 
var.  GALBATA  (Licht.)  Hartl. 

No.  479?   Compare  Key,  p.  282. 

No.  489.    A  lighter  colored  form  of  dusky  duck,  with  a  buff  throat,  ie 
described  from  Florida  (by  Mr.  Ridgway,  I.  c.),  where  it  is  resident. 

489a.   ANAS  OBSCURA  GM., 

var.  FULVIGULA  Ridg. 
Floriclaii  Ifcwskj  Duck. 


No.  493?  The  query  indicates  probability  of  onl}*  varietal  distinction 
from  No.  492. 

No.  501  ?  The  query  indicates  probability  of  only  varietal  distinction 
from  No.  500. 

No.  575bis.  A  specimen  of  the  European  white-winged  tern,  Hydro- 
chelidon  leucoptera,  was  taken  in  Wisconsin,  July  5,  1873,  by  Th.  Kum- 
lein,  and  presented  to  the  Smithsonian  by  Dr.  Brewer.  This  is  th« 
first  instance  known  of  its  occurrence  in  this  country. 

[575bis.]   HYDROCHELIDON  LEUCOPTERA  (MKIS.)  Bora. 
Wliite-wiiigred  Black  Tern. 

CHECK  LIST  BIRDS.          9* 


KEY    TO 

NORTH  AMERICAN  BIRDS 

BY  ELLIOTT  COUES,   M.D. 


This  work  consists  of  309  Impsrial  8vo  pages,  and  is  illustrated  by  6  Steel  Plates 
and  238  Woodcuts.    It  is  designed  as  a  Manual  or  Text  Book  of  the 

BIRDS  OF  WORTH  AMERICA, 

and  is  an  exponent  of  the  latest  views  in  Ornithology. 
The  INTRODUCTORY  part  gives  a  general  account  of  the 

ANATOMY  AND  CLASSIFICATION  OP  BIKDS 

and  full  Explanations  of  all  the  Terms  Used  in  ORNITHOLOGY:  a  KEY  to  the 
Genera  amd  Subyenera  follows  in  the  form  of  a  continuous  artificial  table,  while  a 

Synopsis  of  Living  and  Fossil  Birds 

contains  concise  descriptions  of  every  North  American  Species  known  at  this  time, 
with  characters  of  the  higher  groups  and  remarks  relating  to  forms  not  found  in 
North  America. 

Trice  $7  a  Copy  in  Full  Cloth  Binding-. 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE 

NATURALISTS'  AGENCY,  Salem,  Mass. 

(Prospectus  furnished  on  application.} 


WE  GIVE  BELOW  A  FEW  NOTICES  OF  THE  PRESS 'WHICH  WILL  GIVE  A  GENERAL 
IDEA  OF  THE  VALUE  OF  THIS  WORK. 

"  The  reputation  of  the  author,  who  is  so  well  known  by  his  works  on  sea-birds, 
and  for  the  anatomy  of  the  loon,  cannot  but  be  increased  by  this  production, 
which  illustrates  on  every  page  the  extent  of  his  general  information  and  the 
soundness  of  his  judgment.  The  subject  is  treated  in  a  manner  rather  different 
from  that  usually  adopted  by  systematic  writers;  *  *  *  there  is  a  freshness 
and  boldness  in  the  manner  in  which  facts  are  handled,  which  will  be  extremely 
acceptable."—  Nature  (London),  May  8, 1873,  p.  22. 

"Mr.  Cones'  ;Key  to  North  American  Birds,'  somewhat  curiously  entitled,  is  a 
very  large  and  handsome  volume,  beautifully  pi'inted  and  profusely  illustrated." 
—  Saturday  Review  (London),  Feb.  22,  1S73. 

"A  critical  examination  of  Dr.  Cones'  book  reveals,  it  is  true,  here  and  thei-e, 
slight  faults  of  execution,  but  they  in  no  way  detract  essentially  from  its  value  as 
a  reliable  hand-book,  and  one  well  suited  to  meet  the  wants  of  beginners  in  orni- 
thology, Avhile  it  affords  at  the  same  time  a  standard  and  convenient  Avork  of  ref- 
erence for  advanced  students  and  even  specialists.  *  *  *  The  reader  is  made 
acquainted,  in  a  general  way,  with  the  exotic  as  well  as  North  American  families 
of  the  avian  class.  In  the  descriptions  of  the  species,  Dr.  Cones  has  shown  a 


happy  skill  in  seizing  upon  such  distinctions  as  are  alone  significant.  *  *  *  The 
geographical  distribution  of  cnch  species  is  generally  fully  indicated,  and  occa- 
sionally arc  added  terse  characterizations  of  their  habits.  *  *  *  One  of  the 
most  important  features  of  this  portion  of  the  work,  and  one  almost  for  the  first 
time  introduced  into  a  general  work  on  ornithology,  is  the  critical  discrimination 
made  between  species,  and  varieties  or  geographical  races,  Kecent  advances  in 
the  science  have  made  these  discriminations  indispensable,  and  throughout  the 
work  they  are  rigidly  and  judiciously  introduced.  *  *  *  The  volume  closes 
with  a  synopsis  of  all  the  fossil  birds  as  yet  discovered  in  North  America,  *  *  * 
being  the  only  general  exposition  of  this  department  of  American  ornithology 
that  has  yet  been  made." — Atlantic  Monthly. 

''Its  author,  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  writers  on  orni- 
thology in  this  country,  and  in  this  volume  gives  the  public  a  thorough  and  reliable 
treatise  comprehending  the  entire  subject,  and  so  prepared  that  while  it  interests 
the  tyro  it  also  supplies  the  wants  of  the  most  advanced  scientist.'' — American 
Sportsman,  Nov.  22,  1873. 

"This  book  will  be  welcomed  both  by  the  amateur  and  the  professional  orni- 
thologist as  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  list  of  books  treating  of  North  American 
Birds.  While  Dr.  Coues  has  modestly  called  his  work  a  '  Key,'  it  is  in  reality  much 
more  than  the  title  indicates.  *  *  *  The  book  will  doubtless  serve  as  a  manual 
to  many  who  mid  their  recreation  in  observing  and  studying  the  habits  of  birds, 
and  have  not  the  means  to  purchase  more  costly  works.  *  *  *  The  typographi- 
cal execution  of  the  work  is  in  every  way  worthy  of  it,  and  the  cuts  are  very  clear 
and  instructive."—  The  Nation,  April.  1873. 

"  It  is  what  it  purports  to  be,  an  exponent  of  the  present  state  of  American  orni- 
thology, and  a  perfectly  reliable  guide  to  the  study  of  our  birds.  It  is  especially 
adapted  to  the  use  of  students  and  amateurs,  and  is,  in  fact,  the  only  text  bi,ok  or 
manual  of  ornithology  arranged  with  a  view  to  educational  purposes.  The 
author's  high  reputation  as  a  naturalist,  and  his  well  known  devotion  to  the  de- 
partment in  question,  guarantee  the  thoroughly  scientific  character  of  the  work. 
While  ranking  with  the  best  standard  authorities  in  accuracy  and  completeness, 
this  treatise  presents  the  science  of  ornithology  in  the  most  attractive  form,  its  ob- 
ject being  to  teach,  to  clear  away  the  difficulties  and  explain  tlie  technicalities  of 
the  science.  *  *  *  Profusely  and  beautifully  illustrated  by  the  author's  own 
hand." —  Portsmcuih  Journal,  April  20,  1873. 

"In  the  present  work  we  have  the  crowning  result  of  the  study  of  North  Ameri- 
can Birds,  upon  which  Dr.  Coues  has  been  engaged  during  many  years  past;  for, 
although  still  a  young  man,  he  has  long  been  known  as  one  of  the  most  industrious 
of  American  naturaHsts.  *  *  *  Appears  to  represent  his  latest  views  upon 
matters  of  synonymy,  of  zoological  relationship,  of  geographical  distribution,  etc. 

*  *  *  Perhaps  the  most  original  feature  in  the  book  is  the  artificial  Key  to  the 
genera  of  North  American  Birds.  *  *  *  We  have  gone  more  into  detail  in  our 
notice  of  this  work  than  is  our  custom,  from  our  impression  of  its  scientific  and 
practical  value,  and  we  can  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  those  who  wish  a  reliable 
manual  of  the  birds  of  North  America,  in  a  sufficiently  portable  form  for  ready 
reference."—  The  Indipenclnt,  March  1:5,  1873. 

"This  w.ork,  to  which  the  author  has  brought  the  accumulated  experience  of 
years  of  ornithological  study  and  the  advantages  of  a  thoroughly  cultivated  mind, 
is  what  it  claims  to  be.  *  *  *  With  the  help  of  this  '  Key '  the  veriest  tyro  can, 
with  very  little  trouble,  identify  his  specimens,  and  obtain  a  knowledge  and  under- 
standing of  American  birds  impossible  to  be  found  in  any  other  work.  *  *  * 
Such  a  book  has  been  long  wanted,  and,  as  it  has  been  practically  tried  and  found 
of  great  service,  it  is  earnestly  recommended  to  others."— Army  and  Nary  Journal, 
March  15,  1873. 

"  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  our  younger  naturalists, 


bas  written  a  work  on  ornithology,  giving  a  complete  account  of  the  present  state 
ami  results  of  that  science."—  The  Literary  Bulletin,  Oct.,  1872. 

"The  forthcoming  work  of  Dr.  Elliott  Cones  on  ornithology  will  belong  dis- 
tinctively to  the  useful  class  of  manuals,  and  be  especially  adapted  to  the  require- 
ments of  students,  amateurs  and  teachers.  No  work  of  this  character,  profeseiug 
to  teach  ornithology  to  the  uninitiated,  and  susceptible  of  use  as  a  text-book  in. 
educational  institutions,  has  hitherto  appeared.  Those  with  a  taste  for  this  study, 
who  have  been  deterred  from  its  pursuit  by  the  difficulty  of  mastering  the  techni- 
calities in  the  absence  of  a  suitable  guide,  will  and  the  way  made  perfectly  clear 
to  them."—  The  Golden  Age,  Sept.  7, 1872. 

"Dr.  Coues  has  written  an  admirable  book  on  North  American  Birds."—  Balti- 
more Bulletin,  March  8,  1873. 

"  No  expense  has  been  spared  in  the  preparation  of  this  volume.  The  woodcuts 
are  so  well  executed  they  would  easily  pass  for  something  better.  The  index  is 
complete;  so  is  the  glossary."—  Chicago  Times. 

"The  descriptions  are  exceedingly  complete  and  mimite;  the  large  number  of 
illustrations  serve  to  make  the  text  more  clearly  understood,  and  the  volume  is  a 
very  valuable  contribution  to  ornithology." — Boston  Journal,  Jan.  28,  1873. 

"The  book  has  been  carefully  prepared  and  contains  a  vast  amount  of  informa- 
tion. *  *  *  It  is  a  book  of  inestimable  value  to  the  naturalist,  and  should  be 
found  in  the  library  of  every  such  person  throughout  the  land."— .Boston  Traveller. 

"  A  more  elegant  scientific  publication  than  the  'Key  to  North  American  Birds,' 
just  issued  by  this  house,  is  not  to  be  found.  This  work,  of  which  Elliott  Coues, 
M.D.,  is  the  author,  forms  a  very  valuable  and  exhaustive  treatise  upon  the  birds 
of  the  continent  north  of  Mexico.  The  large  number  of  plates  and  of  woodcuts, 
renders  it  especially  interesting,  and  the  style  of  its  publication  is  almost  sump- 
tuous."—  Boston  Post. 

"Some  of  our  distinguished  men  of  science  seem  to  have  placed  their  collections 
and  their  suggestions  at  the  service  of  Mr.  Coues,  but  he  is  fundamentally  an 
original  explorer.  Nobody  can  look  over  the  beautiful  book  without  feeling  that 
the  author  has  added  to  ornithology  as  well  as  furnished  its  North  American  'Key.' 
We  wish  we  knew  enough  about  the  subject  to  convict  him  of  a  few  mistakes. 
Having,  however,  great  respect  for  specialists,  we  never  venture  to  intrude  an 
opinion  we  have  not  earned  the  right  to  give  by  special  study.  It  is  a  modest  ab- 
dication of  an  insolent  tyranny,  but  we  make  it  with  satisfaction.  It  would  be 
cruel,  perhaps,  to  disturb  the  useful  superstition  that  notices  of  books  are  omnis- 
cient and  infallible.  Still,  we  reluctantly  confess  that  Mr.  Coues  is  ahead  of  us  in 
his  particular  branch  of  knowledge,  and  we  have  submitted  to  the  intolerable 
ignominy  of  learning  something  from  him  with  a  keen  sent-:e  of  pleasure.  Indeed 
this  ''Key  to  North  American  Birds"  is  a  volume  which  will  attract  all  naturalists 
for  its  accuracy  of  description  and  its  contributions  to  the  work  of  intelligent 
classification." — Boston  Globe. 

"  And  the  high  commendation  it  has  received,  from  competent  authorities  in  this 
country  and  England,  is  even  more  than  justified  by  the  accuracy  of  description, 
the  fulness  of  detail,  the  convenience  of  classification,  and  the  admirable  arrange- 
ment of  the  volume.  *  *  *  Dr.  Coues,  still  a  young  man,  and  connected  with 
the  United  States  Army,  has  spent  a  long  time  in  obtaining  the  materials  for  his 
work;  but  in  it  industry  is  subordinate  to  tact,  and  art  to  genius.  He  is  a  born 
naturalist.  He  is  a  close  and  fine  observer  of  all  natural  phenomena,  and  were 
he  wrecked  on  a  rock  in  mid  ocean  he  would  commence  scientific  researches  be- 
fore his  clothes  were  dry.  *  *  *  And  he  writes  as  well  as  he  observes,  in  a 
clear,  accurate  style,  colorless  in  itself,  but  transmitting  the  native  hues  of  tho 
objects  he  describes.  And  these  qualities  appear  in  the  work  before  us.  to  en- 
hance its  value.  *  *  *  We  have  no  hand-book  of  similar  character,  and  none 
that  occupies  the  place  it  completely  fllL--."—  Golden  Age,  July  5, 1873. 


[continued. 

happy  skill  in  seizing  upon  such  distinctions  as  are  alone  significant.  *  *  *  The 
geographical  distribution  of  each  species  is  generally  fully  indicated,  and  occa- 
sionally are  added  terse  characterizations  of  their  habits.  *  *  *  One  of  the 
most  important  features  of  this  portion  of  the  work,  and  one  almost  for  the  first 
time  introduced  into  a  general  work  on  ornithology  is  the  critical  discrimination 
made  between  species,  and  varieties  or  geographical  races.  Recent  advances  in 
the  science  have  made  these  discriminations  indispensable,  and  throughout  the 
work  they  are  rigidly  and  judiciously  introduced.  *  *  *  The  volume  closes 
with  a  synopsis  of  all  the  fossil  birds  as  yet  discovered  in  North  America,  *  *  * 
being  the  only  general  exposition  of  this  department  of  American  ornithology 
that  has  yet  been  made.'' —  Atlantic  Ifonihly. 

"Its  author.  Dr.  Elliott  Cones,  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  writers  on  orni- 
thology in  this  country,  and  in  this  volume  gives  the  public  a  thorough  and  reliable 
treatise  comprehending  the  entire  subject,  and  so  prepared  that  while  it  interests 
the  tyro  it  also  supplies  the  wants  of  the  most  advanced  scientist.'1—  American 
Sitortsmitn,  Nov.  ±>.  1ST.;. 

-This  book  will  be  welcomed  both  by  the  amateur  and  the  professional  orni- 
thologist as  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  list  of  books  treating  of  North  American 
Birds.  While  Dr.  Cones  ha*  modestly  called  his  work  a  'Key.'  it  is  in  reality  much 
more  than  the  title  indicates.  *  *  *  The  book  will  doubtless  >erve  as  a  manual 
to  many  who  lind  their  recreation  in  observing  and  studying  the  habits  of  birds, 
and  have  not  the  means  to  purchase  more  costly  works.  *  *  *  The  typographi- 
cal execution  of  the  work  is  in  every  way  worthy  of  it,  and  the  cuts  are  very  clear 
and  instructive."—  The  Xation.  April.  187:5. 

"It  is  what  it  purports  to  be,  an  exponent  of  the  present  state  of  American  orni- 
thology, and  a  perfectly  reliable  guide  to  the  study  of  our  birds.  It  is  especially 
adapted  to  the  use  of  students  and  amateurs,  and  is,  in  fact,  the  only  text  boo!;  or 
manual  of  ornithology  arranged  with  a  view  to  educational  purposes.  The 
author's  high  reputation  as  a  naturalist,  and  his.  well  known  devotion  to  the  de- 
partment in  question,  guarantee  the  thoroughly  scientific  character  of  the  work. 
While  ranking  with  the  best  standard  authorities  in  accuracy  and  completeness, 
this  treatise  presents  the  science  of  ornithology  in  the  most  attractive  form,  its  ob- 
ject being  to  teach,  to  clear  away  the  difficulties  and  explain  the  technicalities  of 
the  science.  *  *  *  Profusely  and  beautifully  illustrated  by  the  author's  own 
hand." —  Portsmouth  Journal,  April  2(5,  187;). 

"  In  the  present  work  we  have  the  crowning  result  of  the  study  of  North  Ameri- 
can Birds,  upon  which  Dr.  Cones  has  been  engaged  during  many  years  past;  for, 
although  still  a  young  man.  he  has  long  been  kr.own  as  one  of  the  most  industrious 
of  American  naturalists.  *  *  *  Appears  to  icprescnt  his  late-t  views  upon 
matters  of  synonymy,  of  zoological  relationship,  of  geographical  di;  tribution,  etc. 

*•  *  *  Perhaps  the  most  original  feature  in  the  book  is  the  artificial  Key  to  the 
genera  of  North  American  Birds.  *  *  *  We  have  gone  more  into  detail  in  our 
notice  of  this  work  than  is  our  custom,  from  our  impression  of  its  scientific  and 
practical  value,  and  we  can  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  those  who  wish  a  reliable 
manual  of  the  birds  of  North  America,  in  a  sufficiently  portable  form  for  ready 
reference." —  The  Indcpaml -nt,  March  L5,  187:!. 

"This  work,  to  which  the  author  has  brought  the  accumulated  experience  of 
years  of  ornithological  study  and  the  advantages  i.f  a  thoroughly  cultivated  mind, 
is  what  it  claims  to  be.  *  *  *  With  the  help  of  this  -Key'  the  veriest  tyro  can, 
with  very  little  trouble,  identify  his  specimens,  and  obtain  a  knowledge  and  under- 
standing of  American  birds  impossible  to  be  found  in  any  other  work.  *  *  * 
Such  a  book  has  been  long  wanted,  and.  as  it  has  been  practically  tried  and  found 
of  great  service,  it  is  earnestly  recommended  to  others."— Army  and  Nary  Journal, 
March  15,  1873. 

"Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  our  younger  naturalists, 

[continued. 


^continued. 

has  written  a  work  on  ornithology,  giving  a  complete  account  of  the  present  etate 
and  results  of  that  science."—  The  Literary  Bulletin,  Oct.,  1872. 

"The  forthcoming  work  of  Dr.  Elliott  Cones  on  ornithology  will  belong  dis- 
tinctively to  the  uscfu1  class  of  manuals,  and  be  especially  adapted  to  the  require- 
ments of  students,  amateurs  and  teachers.  No  work  of  this  character,  professing 
to  teach  ornithology  to  the  uninitiated,  and  susceptible  of  use  as  a  text-book  in 
educational  institutions,  has  hitherto  appeared.  Those  with  a  taste  for  this  study, 
who  have  been  detejfrecrarom  its  pursuit  by  the  difficulty  of  mastering  the  techni- 
calities in  the  absence??)!'  a  suitable  guide,  will  liu d  the  way  made  perfectly  clear 
to  them."—  The  Gfilhen  Aga,  Sept.  7,  1872. 

"Dr.  Coues  haJtwritten  an  admirable  book  on  North  American  Birds."—  Balti- 
more Bulletin,  March  8.  1873. 

"  No  expense  has  been  spared  in  the  preparation  of  this  volume.  The  woodcuts 
are  so  well  executed  they  would  easily  pass  for  something  better.  The  index  is 
complete;  so  is  the  glossary."—  Chicago  Times. 

"The  descriptions  are  exceedingly  complete  and  minute;  the  large  number  of 
illustrations  serve  to  make  the  text  more  clearly  understood,  and  the  volume  is  a 
very  valuable  contribution  to  ornithology." — Boston  Journal,  Jan.  28,  1873. 

"The  book  has  been  carefully  prepared  and  contains  a  vast  amount  of  informa- 
tion. *  *  *  It  is  a  book  of  inestimable  value  to  the  naturalist,  and  f-ln-uld  be 
found  in  the  library  of  every  such  person  throughout  the  land.'-—  Boston  Tr<n-<-Hcr. 

"  A  more  elegant  scientilic  publication  than  the  'Key  to  North  American  Birds,' 
just  issued  by  this  house,  is  not  to  be  found.  This  work,  of  which  Elliott  Coues, 
M.D.,  is  the  author,  forms  a  very  valuable  and  exhaustive  treatise  upon  the  birds 
of  the  continent  north  of  Mexico.  The  large  number  of  plates  and  of  woodcuts, 
renders  it  especially  interesting,  and  the  style  of  its  publication  is  almost  sump- 
tuous."—  Boston  /'oat. 

"  Some  of  our  distinguished  men  of  science  seem  to  have  placed  their  collections 
and  their  suggestions  at  the  service  of  Mr.  Coues,  but  lie  is  fundamentally  an 
original  explorer.  Nobody  can  look  over  the  beautilul  book  without  feeling  that 
the  author  has  added  to  ornithology  as  well  as  furnished  its  North  American  -  Key.' 
We  wish  we  knew  enough  about  the  subject  to  convict  him  of  a  few  mistakes. 
Having,  however,  great  respect  for  specialists,  we  never  venture  to  intrude  an 
opinion  we  have  not  earned  the  right  to  give  by  special  study.  It  is  a  modest  ab- 
dication of  an  insolent  tyranny,  but  we  make  it  wilh  satisfaction.  It  would  be 
cruel,  perhaps,  to  disturb  the  useful  superstition  that  notices  of  books  are  omnis- 
cient and  infallible.  Still,  we  reluctantly  confess  that  Mr.  Coues  is  ahead  of  us  in 
his  particular  branch  of  knowledge,  and  we  have  submitted  to  the  intolerable 
ignominy  of  learning  something  from  him  with  a  keen  sense  of  pleasure.  Indeed 
this  "Key  to  North  American  Birds"  is  a  volume  which  will  attract  all  naturalists 
for  its  accuracy  of  description  and  its  contributions  to  the  work  of  intelligent 
classification ." —  Boston  Globe. 

"  And  the  high  commendation  it  has  received,  from  competent  authorities  in  this 
country  and  England,  is  even  more-than  justified  by  the  accuracy  of  description, 
the  fulness  of  detail,  the  convenience  of -classification,  and  the  admirable  arrange- 
ment of  the  volume.  *  *  *  Dr.  Coues,  still  a  young  man,  and  connected  with 
the  United  States  Army,  has  spent  a  long  time  in  obtaining  the  materials  for  his 
work;  but  in  it  industry  is  subordinate  to  tact,  and  art  to  genius.  He  is  a  born 
naturalist.  He  is  a  close  and  fine  observer  of  all  natural  phenomena,  and  were 
he  wrecked  on  a  rock  in  mid  ocean  he  would  commence  scientific  researches  be- 
fore his  clothes  were  dry.  *  *  *  And  he  writes  as  well  as  he  observes,  in  a 
clear,  accurate  style,  colorless  in  itself,  but  transmitting  the  native  hues  of  the 
objects  he  describes.  And  these  qualities  appear  in  the  work  before  us.  to  en- 
hance its  value.  *  '*  *  We  have  no  hand-book  of  similar  character,  and  none 
that  occupies  the  place  it  completely  fills."—  Golden  Age,  July  5,  1U73. 


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